Development of urban transport models to evaluate alternative strategies for a sustainable mobility

这项研究开发了新的城市交通模型，以评估可持续交通的替代战略，这些战略应该在经济增长和环境影响之间取得平衡。在1996年10月至1998年3月的18个月中，本研究在以下几个方面取得了重大进展：基于离散选择方法的总出行需求模型构建将离散选择方法中的多维选择嵌套结构、选择集生成模型等主要智慧引入到总出行需求模型中。新模型应用于仙台都市圈。更理论化的声音分布模型和轨道路线模型变成了更精确的模型。这些模型可用于评估可供选择的交通策略。均衡需求模型框架下内部化驾驶外部成本的替代方法评价污染者付费原则将是控制交通流量增长的理论基础。综述了最适宜的驾驶外部成本估算方法，并将其应用于仙台地区高峰时段车辆OD。模式选择和路线选择的同时均衡模型可以合理准确地评估外部成本内部化的替代定价方法。战略交通模型的发展在战略交通模型中可以使用总量-速度（QV）约束来代替详细的路网。这使得战略运输模型在有限时间内评估备选策略。在广泛审查的基础上，考虑到停车次数，制定了新的总体QV限制措施。将该模型应用于东京地区的主干道网络，并证明了该模型在评估定价方案方面的实用性。综上所述，本研究既建立了传统总量模型的改进版本，又建立了战略运输模型。这些模型是交通模型的关键部分，用于评估可持续交通的替代战略。少

This research have developed new urban transport models to evaluate alternative strategies for a sustainable mobility which should be on a balance between economic growth and environment impacts. During 18 months between October 1996 and March 1998, this research have made major progress in the following topics.1. Development of Aggregate Travel Demand Model based on a Discrete Choice ApproachMajor wisdom in discrete choice approach, such as nested structure of multi-dimensional choices and choice set generation models, were introduced into aggregate travel demand models. The new models were applied to the Sendai metropolitan area. More theoretical sound distribution model and rail route model turned to be more accurate models. These models could be used to evaluate alternative mobility strategies.2. Evaluation of alternative methods to internalize extemal costs of driving in an equilibrium demand model frameworkThe Polluter-Pay-Principle would be one theoretical based to control growi … More ng traffic volume. The most adequate estimation methods of external costs of driving were reviewed and applied to the peak hour vehicle OD in the Sendai area. It became clear that simultaneous equilibrium models of mode choice and route choice could evaluate alternative pricing methods to internalize the external costs with reasonable accuracy.3. Development of Strategic Transport ModelsInstead of detailed road network, aggregate quantity-velocity (QV) curb could be used in a strategic transport model. This makes the strategic transport model evaluate alternative strategies within limited time. Bases on an extensive review, new aggregate QV curbs was developed to consider the number of stops. This model were applied to an arterial road network in Tokyo area and proved to be practical in evaluating pricing options.4. In summary, this research has developed both an improved version of conventional aggregate models and a strategic transport model. These models are key part of transport models to evaluate alternative strategies for a sustainable mobility. Less