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Studies on the efficient use of the function of root system in crop plants

作物根系功能高效利用的研究

基本信息

批准号：
08456013
负责人：
HARADA Jiro
金额：
$ 4.93万
依托单位：
Osaka Prefecture University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08456013/
关键词：
Root system soybean rice sweet potato rooting zone shoot-root S R ratio subsurface irrigation タイヌビエ地上部・地下部関係キトサン地下給水コムギ種子根分根根 2次根

项目摘要

Following results were obtained from our studies to acquire the fundamental information on the efficient use of the function of root system in crop plants.Total length of branch roots formed along several long and thick lateral roots emerging from the basal part of a tap root was found to be around one third to a half of the total root length of a soybean plant. The growth of whole plant was suppressed in soybean when restricting the soil volume available for the extension of roots. However, it rapidly recovered and the ratio of total root length to leaf area of a plant increased after the restriction was removed. In this case, increase in total root length was remarkable in long and thick lateral roots.The growth of soybean plant and the dry matter accumulation in pods increased with long term subsurface irrigation continued until pod filling stage under field condition compared to surface irrigation. Furthermore, elongation rate of a main stem rose with short term treatment of only seven days subsurface irrigation under pot grown condition. These suggest that unequal distribution of roots or water influenced the growth of a plant.Characteristics of growth with respect to shoot- root relationships in high yield Japonica-Indica hybrid rice varieties were investigated. In the seedling stage, increases of seedling dry weight were larger, lengths of seminal root axes were longer, but S/R ratios were larger than those of Japonica variety. However, the branching habits of seminal roots were similar among varieties. After the seedling stage, although S/R ratios turned to be lower at a comparatively early stage and the total root length of a plant larger in the subsequent stage in hybrid varieties than in Japonica variety, leaf area to total root length ratios were smaller.

我们的研究结果为有效利用作物根系的功能提供了基础信息。从自来根的根部长出的几根粗长的侧根上形成的分枝根的总长度约占大豆植株总根长的1/3~1/2。限制可供根伸展的土壤体积时，大豆的整株生长受到抑制。然而，取消限制后，它迅速恢复，植物的总根长/叶面积比增加。与地面灌溉相比，大田条件下长期地下灌溉持续至结荚灌浆期，大豆植株生长和豆荚干物质积累增加。此外，在盆栽条件下，仅地下灌溉7d的短期处理可提高主茎的伸长率。这些结果表明，根系或水分分配不均会影响植株的生长。研究了高产杂交水稻品种的生长发育与冠根关系的特点。苗期苗期苗木干重增加幅度较大，种子根轴较长，但S/R比值较大。但不同品种间种子根的分枝习性相似。苗期以后，虽然杂交品种的S/根长比在相对早期较低，后期植株的总根长较大，但叶面积与总根长的比值却较小。