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Genetic assay and study of crop germplasm in and around China (3rd)

我国及周边作物种质遗传分析与研究（第三期）

基本信息

批准号：
15255011
负责人：
TAKEDA Kazuyoshi
金额：
$ 26.21万
依托单位：
OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15255011/
关键词：
crop genetic resources genetic diversity East Asia rice wheaqt barley soybean melon 遣伝的多様性

项目摘要

We organized a total of 22 expedition teams to China and the southward countries, and studied the evolution and diversity of important crops. The detail is summarized below.1.Wheat & Barley ; Field trip was conducted in the northern part of India (2003), and in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces of China (2004,2005), to observe the diversity in wheat and barley landraces in and around Himalayan range. Local landraces are still cultivated in most of the remote areas visited. In the southwestern part of China, different type of barley and wheat was cultivated depending on the altitude. In the areas above 3000m of altitude, spring barley and wheat were collected, and they seemed to relate with those cultivated in Tibet. On the contrary, in the areas below 3000m of altitude, barley and wheat are sown in autumn, and seemed to be different from those cultivated in Tibet.2.Rice ; Rice group has visited India, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam to observe landraces, weedy strains, and wild rices a … More round China. We could compare resources to know their relationships and genetic variation. Based on the data, we have contacted with respective institutes governed each resources in each country to discuss about the future plans for those genetic resources.3.Soybean ; In order to determine an evolutionary relationship and dynamics of gene flow between wild and cultivated soybeans, flowering phenology and genetic structure were examined for populations in which both wild and cultivated soybeans were growing side by side. Neither the intermediate form, thought as a product of hybridization, nor the allele from the cultivar was observed in the wild population tested. However, a low but significant level of outcrossing was observed between wild plants. The field observation and molecular analysis with SSR markers suggest that the gene flow possibly occurs between wild and cultivated soybeans.4.Field trip was conducted in Myanmar (2003), the northeastern part of India (2004,2005), and in Yunnan Province of China (2005), to observe the diversity in Cucurbitaceae crop. Local landraces of melon with smooth skin are still cultivated in most of the remote areas visited. In the northeast India, three types of melon, that is, var.acidulous, var.momordica, and other type, are cultivated during rainy season. The last type was considered to relate with vars.makuwa and conomon, the traditional Japanese melon, based on the fruit morphology and seed length (< 9mm). This type was commonly found in Myanmar and Yunnan. Weedy melon (var.agrestis) was also collected in Myanmar. Less

组织22个考察队到中国和南方国家考察，研究重要作物的进化和多样性。详情总结如下1。小麦和大麦；在印度北部（2003年）和中国云南和贵州（2004年、2005年）进行了实地考察，以观察喜马拉雅山脉及其周边地区小麦和大麦地方品种的多样性。在我们走访的大多数偏远地区，当地的土种仍在种植。在中国的西南地区，人们根据海拔高低种植不同种类的大麦和小麦。2.水稻;大米小组访问了印度、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨和越南，观察了中国各地的地方品种、杂草品种和野生水稻。我们可以比较资源来了解它们的关系和遗传变异。根据这些数据，我们已经联系了每个国家管理每种资源的研究所，讨论这些遗传资源的未来计划。大豆;为了确定野生大豆和栽培大豆之间的进化关系和基因流动动态，对野生大豆和栽培大豆相邻生长群体的开花物候和遗传结构进行了研究。在野生群体中没有发现被认为是杂交产物的中间形态，也没有发现来自该品种的等位基因。然而，野生植物间的异交率虽低但显著。田间观察和SSR分子标记分析表明，该基因可能发生在野生大豆和栽培大豆之间。在缅甸（2003年）、印度东北部（2004年、2005年）和中国云南省（2005年）实地考察了葫芦科作物的多样性。在我们走访的大多数偏远地区，仍然种植着表皮光滑的地方品种甜瓜。在印度东北部，雨季种植三种甜瓜，即酸瓜、苦瓜和其他甜瓜。最后一种类型被认为与变量有关。根据果实形态和种子长度（< 9毫米），日本传统的瓜类——麻瓜和香瓜。这种类型常见于缅甸和云南。杂草甜瓜（变种.agrestis）也在缅甸采集。少