PREDICTION OF URBAN FLOOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO HAZARD MAP

城市洪水预测及其在灾害图上的应用

• 批准号: 08458101
• 负责人: INOUE Kazuya
• 金额: $ 3.52万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08458101/
• 关键词: Inundation Analysis; Damage Estimation; Evacuation; Urban Flood; Underground Space; GIS; Hazard Map; GIS(地下情報システム)

Flood control and prevention capacites in urban cities against river flood, urban flood due to heavy rain and storm surge flood have been investigated considering the characteristics of urban area such as street network, buildings and underground spaces, and the expressions of the obtained results by a hazard map have been examined. The main results studied through this year are as follows.(1) New overland flood flow simulation models were developed. After the review of the usual horizontally two-dimensional model, a generalized curvilinear coordinate model and a street network model were proposed to treat the effects of streets which are the main route of inundation flow spread. Especially, the street network model can express the flow blocking effects by buildings and the flow aspects of spreading along streets, which suggests that this model can be very applicable to wide and practical use.(2) The inundation flow into a multi-layred underground space was also modeled and analyzed, in which the hydraulic conditions of co-existence and transition of open channel flow and pipe flow by the effect of ceiling of underground space are considered. The simulation results show the complicated flow behavior that in the case inundation flow is large, pipe flow condition appears in some places, which increases the inundation depth in the upper layr.(3) Two new estimation methods of inundation flow damages were proposed. One of them is obtained by improving the estimaion of business suspension damages of the usual method by "flood control economic outline". The other is the method which estimates the damages based on the zone attribute for each block taking into account of GIS utilization. Even though the new two methods underestimate the flood damages slightly compared with the usual one, the results obtained are appropriate. Especially, the method based on the zone attribute has a good potential to simplification of estimation by use of GIS.

根据城市路网、建筑物和地下空间的特点，研究了城市对江河洪水、暴雨洪水和风暴潮洪水的防洪能力，并对计算结果用危险度图表示的方法进行了检验。今年研究的主要成果如下。(1)开发了新的陆上洪水模拟模型。在回顾了常用的平面二维模型的基础上，提出了一种广义曲线坐标模型和一种街道网络模型，以处理作为洪水扩散主要途径的街道的影响。特别是街道网络模型可以表达建筑物对交通流的阻塞作用和沿沿着传播的交通流形态，具有广泛的实用价值。(2)考虑了地下空间顶板作用下明渠流与管流共存过渡的水力条件，对多层地下空间的淹没流进行了模拟分析。模拟结果表明，在淹没流量较大的情况下，局部出现管流条件，使上层淹没深度增加，水流运动较为复杂。(3)提出了两种新的洪水灾害损失估算方法。其中之一是通过对“防洪经济纲要”中的停业损失估算方法进行改进而得到的。另一种方法是基于分区属性，考虑GIS的应用，对每个区块进行损失评估。虽然新方法和常规方法对洪灾损失的估计略有低估，但所得结果是合理的。特别是基于区域属性的方法，对于利用GIS简化估算具有很好的潜力。

项目成果

中川 一: "GISを用いた避難行動の解析" 京都大学防災研究所年報. 40・B-2. 397-407 (1997)

中川肇：《利用 GIS 进行避难行为分析》京都大学防灾研究所年报 40・B-2（1997 年）。

K.Inoue: "Numerical simulation of overland flood flows in an urban bay area" Proc.Hydraulic Engineering Software. VI. 59-68 (1996)

K.Inoue：“城市湾区陆上洪水流量的数值模拟”Proc.Hydraulic Engineering Software。

Takashi HOSODA,Yoshio MURAMOTO: "Numerical Analysis of Hydraulic Transients Induced by the Inflow Discharge into the Underground Channel" Annuals of Disaster prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ.No.40-B-2. 425-432 (1997)

Takashi Hosoda，Yoshio MURAMOTO：“流入地下通道引起的水力瞬变的数值分析”京都大学防灾研究所年鉴No.40-B-2。

K.Inoue: "Numerical simulation of overland flows in an urban bay area" Proc.Hydraulic Engineering Software. VI. 59-68 (1996)

K.Inoue：“城市湾区地表水流的数值模拟”Proc.Hydraulic Engineering Software。

細田 尚: "地下水路系で生じる過渡水理現象の解析法とその応用に関する研究" 京都大学防災研究所年報. 40・B-2. 425-432 (1997)

细田恒：“地下水道系统中瞬态水力现象的分析方法和应用研究”京都大学防灾研究所年报40・B-2（1997）。