‘Bartmann goes global’ – the cultural impact of an iconic object in the early modern period

“巴特曼走向全球”——现代早期标志性物品的文化影响

• 批准号: 528030539
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Natascha Mehler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Archäologie des Mittelalters
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/528030539?language=en
• 关键词: Bartmann; goes; global; cultural; impact

For the first time, an international research team is taking a comprehensive global overview of one of the most successful German products of the early modern period, encountered on archaeological sites across the world: the Rhenish stoneware container with distinctive bearded face mask, bulbous shape and applied medallions, variously known as the ‘greybeard’, Bellarmine or Bartmann jug, and produced mainly in the period c. 1500-1750. Most were made for export, mainly to the Netherlands or England, and they are found in a wide range of archaeological contexts, in major urban centers such as London and Amsterdam, on smaller sites and in shipwrecks. As a result of colonial expansion they spread across the entire known world and occur on early European settlements, a phenomenon that has not yet been adequately documented; aspects of their symbolic content and other cultural connotations are also barely understood. In addition, the current state of research on the production and trading of Rhenish Bartmann jugs remains fragmented and strangely at odds with both their original widespread distribution and popularity and the attention they now receive from museums. Through the collaboration of German, English, Dutch, Swedish and American archaeologists, historians and scientists, and by drawing together a wide range of sources and approaches, we aim to expand our knowledge of this highly significant and iconic artefact in a new international, integrated, interdisciplinary and interactive project to advance the frontiers of Bartmann research on a global scale. The central objective is to achieve a broader academic, professional and public awareness of the importance of the Bartmann jugs, by studying the relationships between producer, market and consumer and the range of cultural contexts in which Rhenish stonewares are found, thereby positioning it as a resource for understanding technological development, means of communication, trade and globalization in the early modern period. Combining team’s expertise, we will 1) review historic sources on production and trade of Rhenish stoneware, 2) review recent work on key assemblages and establish a definitive terminology and typochronology, 3) establish closer fabric characterization of Rhenish and English stonewares by chemical and petrographic analyses, 4) study the social and cultural impact of the Bartmann, 5) examine the impact of Rhenish stoneware on ceramic innovation in Germany and England and 6) examine the impact of Bartmann jugs in global trade and consumption and as iconic objects in different cultural contexts worldwide. By carrying out a thorough review of archival sources and archaeological assemblages in Germany, the Netherlands, England and selected consumer sites in north-west Europe and America, as well as from shipwrecks, the project will make an essential contribution to our objectives of understanding why Bartmann stonewares were so successful in the early modern period.

这是第一次，一个国际研究小组正在对近代早期最成功的德国产品之一进行全面的全球概述，在世界各地的考古遗址上发现：莱茵石制容器，具有独特的胡须面具，球根形状和应用的奖章，被称为“灰胡子”，贝拉明或巴特曼壶，主要生产于c时期。1500-1750.大多数是出口的，主要是荷兰或英格兰，它们被发现在广泛的考古背景下，在主要的城市中心，如伦敦和阿姆斯特丹，在较小的网站和沉船。由于殖民扩张，它们遍布整个已知世界，并出现在早期的欧洲定居点，这一现象尚未得到充分的记录;它们的象征性内容和其他文化内涵也几乎不为人所知。此外，目前对莱茵巴特曼壶的生产和交易的研究仍然是支离破碎的，奇怪的是，这与它们最初的广泛分布和流行以及它们现在受到博物馆的关注不一致。通过德国，英国，荷兰，瑞典和美国考古学家，历史学家和科学家的合作，并通过汇集广泛的来源和方法，我们的目标是扩大我们对这一高度重要和标志性的人工制品的知识，在一个新的国际，综合，跨学科和互动项目，以推进巴特曼研究的前沿在全球范围内。中心目标是通过研究生产者，市场和消费者之间的关系以及发现莱茵石器的文化背景范围，实现更广泛的学术，专业和公众对巴特曼壶重要性的认识，从而将其定位为了解现代早期技术发展，通信手段，贸易和全球化的资源。结合团队的专业知识，我们将1）审查历史来源的生产和贸易的莱茵石陶器，2）审查最近的工作对关键的组合，并建立一个明确的术语和印刷年代学，3）建立更密切的结构表征莱茵石和英国石器的化学和岩相分析，4）研究社会和文化的影响巴特曼，5）研究莱茵石陶器对德国和英国陶瓷创新的影响，6）研究巴特曼壶在全球贸易和消费中的影响，以及在全球不同文化背景下的标志性物品。通过对德国、荷兰、英国的档案资料和考古组合以及西北欧和美洲的选定消费者遗址以及沉船进行彻底的审查，该项目将为我们理解巴特曼石器在现代早期如此成功的原因做出重要贡献。