A Historical Study on the introducing "Parallel Klasse" sysytem into primary schools in Japan

日本小学引入“平行班级”制度的历史研究

• 批准号: 08610299
• 负责人: WATANABE Sousuke
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: National Institute for Educational Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08610299/
• 关键词: Parallel Klasse; school year; school calendar; New School Movements; Seijo Private School; school age; 早生れ; 学齢児童; 女子学習院; 個性尊重; Parallelklasse; 半年進級制

1. The today's school-year of Japan generally begins in April and ends in March. But the system is established historically after Meiji Period.2. In 1909, Ministry of Education introduced "Parallel Klasse" system from Germany into the elementary school institution of Japan. It meaned that the admission season of primary school was two chances - in April and in September. The elementary schools could have two school-year systems parallely.3. But this system was not diffused in Japan. The numbers had taken this system from 1909 to 1941 was only 16 elementary schools in total. One of then was Private Seijo School that had practiced new educational method under influence of Western New School Movements.4. "Parallel Klasse" system was rationary for children's growth and development but much expensive . That was the reason why this system didn't adapt to local elementary schools in those day Japan.

1.现在日本的学年一般从四月开始到三月结束。但这一制度是在明治时代以后才历史性地确立起来的。1909年，日本文部省将德国的“平行等级制”引入日本的小学制度。这意味着小学的入学季节是两个机会-在4月和9月。国小可采两学年制并行。但这一制度并未在日本普及。从1909年到1941年，这个系统的数字只有16所小学。其中之一是在西方新学校运动影响下实行新教育方法的私立圣条学校。“平行克拉塞”系统对儿童的生长发育有一定的促进作用，但费用昂贵。这就是为什么这种制度不适合当时日本的地方小学。

项目成果

渡部宗助: "学年制「二重化」の是非"国立教育研究所広報. 111号. 2-3 (1997)

渡边宗介：“‘双年级制’的优点和缺点”国立教育公共关系研究所 111, 2-3 (1997)。

WATANABE, Sousuke: "Parallel Klasse' shuod be promoted or useless?"Pabulic Repot of N.I.E.R. No.111. 2-3 (1997)

渡边宗介：“平行阶级”应该被提升还是无用？”《N.I.E.R.》的 Pabulic Repot

渡辺宗助: "学年制「二重化」の是非" 国立教育研究所広報. 111号. 2-3 (1997)

渡边宗介：《双年级制的利与弊》国立教育公共关系研究所第111. 2-3号（1997年）。