What's UP (Undermining Prevention) with Summer? Etiology of Accelerated Weight Gain during Summer vs. School Year

暑假代表着年轻人有3个月的时间远离日常责任和 在9个月的学年中遇到的预定需求。直到最近，夏季才发生了变化 行为模式被认为对青少年的健康行为有潜在的负面影响。 越来越多的证据表明，在为期3个月的暑假中，孩子们的体重增加了三到五倍 比在整个9个月的学年中增加的体重和在整个9个月的学年中实现的健身收益 学年在夏季的几个月里被抹去了。孩子们吃什么喝什么，体育活动的类型 给他们提供的机会，以及屏幕时间和睡眠的数量(体重的两个重要相关因素 他们在夏季几个月参与的活动是未知的。少数民族低收入儿童 与非西班牙裔白人相比，家庭在夏季最有可能出现不健康的体重增加 儿童和高收入家庭。尽管几十年来人们一直关注青少年肥胖及其相关健康问题 然而，人们对暑假对健康的影响的关注却非常有限。需要进行研究 调查青年在学年外做什么，这些活动的地点，以及 所消费的食物/饮料。这项拟议的研究将是第一个系统收集体力活动的研究， 非洲裔美国儿童队列(N=504)的饮食、睡眠和久坐行为信息 低收入和高收入家庭以及来自低收入和高收入家庭的非西班牙裔白人儿童(4 小组)从1/3年级的春天开始，一直持续到3/5年级的秋季。最先进的 评估将在学年和暑期例行收集，以比较 这两组儿童在这两个重要时期的行为。我们也会收集 有关家庭、学校和社区环境的详细信息，并检查它们之间的关联 身体活动；久坐、睡眠和饮食行为；以及在学校和暑假期间体重指数的变化。 我们将采用为期3年的纵向观测研究，完成以下具体目标：目标1.比较 学校期间(秋季初至春季末)和夏季(春季末至夏季)BMI z得分的变化 在不同种族和收入水平的孩子之间)；目标2.比较身体上的差异 不同地区的孩子在学年和夏季之间的活动、久坐、睡眠和饮食行为 种族和收入水平；目标3。比较体力活动、久坐不动、睡眠和饮食行为的变化 不同种族和收入水平的孩子在学校和暑期之间BMI z分数的变化；目的 4.确定个人、家庭/家庭、邻居和学校/社区对儿童BMI z分数的影响， 儿童在学校和夏季的身体活动、久坐不动、睡眠和饮食行为 种族和收入水平。

Summer vacation represents a 3-month window of time youth spend away from the daily responsibilities and scheduled demands experienced during the 9-month school year. Only recently has the change in summer behavior patterns been suggested to have a potentially negative impact on the health behaviors of youth. Evidence is mounting that children gain three to five times more weight over the 3-month summer vacation than the amount of weight gained during the entire 9-month school year and that fitness gains achieved during the school year are erased over the summer months. What children eat and drink, the types of physical activity opportunities they are afforded, and the amount of screen-time and sleep (two important correlates of weight gain) they engage in during the summer months is unknown. Children from ethnic-minority and low-income households are most at-risk for unhealthy weight gains during summer compared to White non-Hispanic children and high-income households. Despite decades of attention to youth obesity and associated health behaviors, very limited attention has been given to the health effects of summer vacation. Research is needed that investigates what youth do outside of the school year, the location of these activities, and the foods/beverages consumed. The proposed study will be the first to systematically collect physical activity, dietary, sleep, and sedentary behavior information on a cohort (N = 504) of African American children from low- and high-income households and White non-Hispanic children from low- and high-income households (4 groups) beginning the spring of 1st/3rd grade and continuing through the fall of 3rd/5th grade. State-of-the-art assessments will be collected routinely during the school year and summer to compare differences in behaviors during these two important time periods across these two groups of children. We will also collect detailed information regarding the home, school, and community environments and examine their associations with physical activity; sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors; and changes in BMI during school and summer. We will use a 3yr longitudinal observational study and complete the following specific aims: Aim 1. Compare changes in BMI z-scores during school (beginning of fall to end of spring) and summer (end of spring to beginning of fall) between children across race and income levels; Aim 2. Compare differences in physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors between the school year and summer between children across race and income levels; Aim 3. Compare changes in physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors to changes in BMI z-scores between school and summer between children across race and income levels; Aim 4. Identify individual, family/home, neighborhood, and school/community influences on children’s BMI z-scores, physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors during school and summer between children across race and income levels.