What's UP (Undermining Prevention) with Summer? Etiology of Accelerated Weight Gain during Summer vs. School Year

暑假代表着年轻人远离日常责任的3个月时间窗口， 在9个月的学年中遇到的预定需求。直到最近夏天的变化 行为模式被认为对青少年的健康行为有潜在的负面影响。 越来越多的证据表明，孩子们在3个月的暑假里体重增加了3到5倍 在整个9个月的学年中增加的体重和在整个9个月的学年中获得的健身收益 学年在夏季被取消。孩子吃什么喝什么，身体活动的类型 他们所获得的机会，以及屏幕时间和睡眠时间（体重的两个重要相关因素） 他们在夏季的活动是未知的。来自少数民族和低收入家庭的儿童 与非西班牙裔的白色人相比， 儿童和高收入家庭。尽管几十年来人们一直关注青少年肥胖和相关的健康问题， 行为，非常有限的关注已经给了健康的影响，暑假。研究是必要的 调查了年轻人在学年之外做什么，这些活动的地点，以及 消费的食物/饮料。这项拟议中的研究将是第一次系统地收集身体活动， 饮食，睡眠和久坐行为的信息，一个队列（N = 504）的非洲裔美国儿童，从 低收入和高收入家庭以及来自低收入和高收入家庭的白色非西班牙裔儿童（4 组）开始的第一/第三年级的春天，并继续通过第三/第五年级的秋天。State-of-the-art 评估将在学年和夏季定期收集，以比较 这两组孩子在这两个重要时期的行为。我们还将收集 关于家庭，学校和社区环境的详细信息，并检查它们的关联 身体活动;久坐，睡眠和饮食行为;以及学校和夏季BMI的变化。 我们将使用3年的纵向观察研究，并完成以下具体目标：目标1。比较 在学校（秋季开始到春季结束）和夏季（春季结束到夏季结束）期间BMI z分数的变化 （1）不同种族和收入水平的儿童之间的差异;目标2。比较物理上的差异 活动，久坐，睡眠和饮食行为之间的学年和夏季之间的儿童之间的跨 种族和收入水平;目标3。比较身体活动、久坐、睡眠和饮食行为的变化 不同种族和收入水平的儿童在学校和夏季之间BMI z分数的变化;目的 4.确定个人，家庭/家庭，邻里和学校/社区对儿童BMI z分数的影响， 在学校和夏季，儿童之间的身体活动，久坐，睡眠和饮食行为 种族和收入水平。

Summer vacation represents a 3-month window of time youth spend away from the daily responsibilities and scheduled demands experienced during the 9-month school year. Only recently has the change in summer behavior patterns been suggested to have a potentially negative impact on the health behaviors of youth. Evidence is mounting that children gain three to five times more weight over the 3-month summer vacation than the amount of weight gained during the entire 9-month school year and that fitness gains achieved during the school year are erased over the summer months. What children eat and drink, the types of physical activity opportunities they are afforded, and the amount of screen-time and sleep (two important correlates of weight gain) they engage in during the summer months is unknown. Children from ethnic-minority and low-income households are most at-risk for unhealthy weight gains during summer compared to White non-Hispanic children and high-income households. Despite decades of attention to youth obesity and associated health behaviors, very limited attention has been given to the health effects of summer vacation. Research is needed that investigates what youth do outside of the school year, the location of these activities, and the foods/beverages consumed. The proposed study will be the first to systematically collect physical activity, dietary, sleep, and sedentary behavior information on a cohort (N = 504) of African American children from low- and high-income households and White non-Hispanic children from low- and high-income households (4 groups) beginning the spring of 1st/3rd grade and continuing through the fall of 3rd/5th grade. State-of-the-art assessments will be collected routinely during the school year and summer to compare differences in behaviors during these two important time periods across these two groups of children. We will also collect detailed information regarding the home, school, and community environments and examine their associations with physical activity; sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors; and changes in BMI during school and summer. We will use a 3yr longitudinal observational study and complete the following specific aims: Aim 1. Compare changes in BMI z-scores during school (beginning of fall to end of spring) and summer (end of spring to beginning of fall) between children across race and income levels; Aim 2. Compare differences in physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors between the school year and summer between children across race and income levels; Aim 3. Compare changes in physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors to changes in BMI z-scores between school and summer between children across race and income levels; Aim 4. Identify individual, family/home, neighborhood, and school/community influences on children’s BMI z-scores, physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors during school and summer between children across race and income levels.