The Principle of Subsidiarity in Germany and the European Community

在德国，辅助原则在联邦和州之间以及在各联邦之间起作用。《宪法》第72条和第74条规定了这一原则。该原则主要适用于联邦不具有排他性的领域。在欧洲共同体，辅助性原则是由马斯特里赫特条约引入的。欧共体的这一原则也适用于欧共体和成员国都没有专属管辖权的情况。在没有联邦体制的日本，管辖权是功能性行使的。因此，辅助原则在日本似乎运作良好。

In Germany the principle of subsidiarity works between federation and Land, and between municipalies. Constitutional Law provides the principle in the Articles 72 and 74. The main area the principle works is where the federation doesn't have the exclusive comptences.In the European Community the principle of subsidiarity has been introduced by the Maastricht Treaty. The principle in the EC also works where neither the community nor the member states has exclusive comptences.In Japan which has not federal system, the competences have been excercised fuctionally. So the princinpie of subsidiarity seems to work well in Japan.