The Principle of Subsidiarity in Germany and the European Community

在德国，辅助性原则适用于联邦和各州之间以及各市之间。宪法性法律第72条和第74条规定了这一原则。该原则发挥作用的主要领域是联邦不具有排他性的能力。在欧洲共同体，《马斯特里赫特条约》提出了辅助性原则。欧共体的原则也适用于共同体和成员国都没有排他性权限的情况。在未实行联邦制的日本，这一职权得到了功能性的行使。因此，辅助性原则似乎在日本很有效。

In Germany the principle of subsidiarity works between federation and Land, and between municipalies. Constitutional Law provides the principle in the Articles 72 and 74. The main area the principle works is where the federation doesn't have the exclusive comptences.In the European Community the principle of subsidiarity has been introduced by the Maastricht Treaty. The principle in the EC also works where neither the community nor the member states has exclusive comptences.In Japan which has not federal system, the competences have been excercised fuctionally. So the princinpie of subsidiarity seems to work well in Japan.