The development of new recycling-type treatment for nitrate wastewater using lead compounds

利用铅化合物开发新型回收型硝酸盐废水处理方法

• 批准号: 08650988
• 负责人: YOSHIOKA Toshiaki
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08650988/
• 关键词: lead; nitrate; wastewater treatment; nitrogen load; recycling

[1] Recovery of ammonia and nitrate ion from ammonium nitrate in waste water by steam distilllation adding lead (II) oxide.Lead (II) oxide was added to 0.1-2M NH_4NO_3 solutions at 373K to precipitate basic lead (II) nitrates and to recover NH_3 simultaneously by steam distilllation for 0.5-2h. Effects of the molar ratio of PbO/NO_3^- and steam distilllation time on the removal of NO_3^- and recovery of NH_3, and the composition of basic lead (II) nitrate were examined. The removal of NO_3^- as pb(NO_3) _2・ 5pb(OH)_2 and recovery of NH_3 reached ca.100% at the PbO/NO_3^- molar ratio of 4 for 1 h. Above 0.5M NH_4NO_3, the removal of NO_3^- was independent on the initial concentration of NO_3^-. The recovery of NH_3 was analogous to the removal of NO_3^-.[2] Reduction of sodium nitrate solution by in situ buff abrasion of leadplateNitrate ions were reduced by fine Pb powder produced by continuous abrasion of Pb plate with buff abrasive in NaNO_3 solution. Under 25-80ﾟC,initial concentrat … More ion of NO_3^- 0.01-0.1M,and rotation speed of buff 400-800rpm, 20-100% nitrate ion was reduced to NO_3^-, N_2 and/or NH_3 within 12h. Since reduction rate of NO_3^- was extremely slow, maximum percentages of formed N_2 and NH_2 were 14,6, respectively at 12h. Pb was oxidized at 12h to PbO containing unreacted Pb.In the case of producing bigger Pb particles (20mum) by using coarse buff (#120) and increasing rotation speed, the reduction rate NO_3^- increased due to an increase in amount of abrabed Pb and surface area of Pb by removing PbO layr grown on Pb particles. However, the reduction efficiency of Pb decreased with increasing amount of unreacted Pb core.[3] Reduction rate of sodium nitrate by lead drops with wet-ballmillingIn a ballmill reactor, metal oxides formed on the lead drops surface by reduction of nitrate ions were continuously removed by contacting with each other.Under5-80ﾟC,initial concentration of NaNO_3 0.05-0.1M,and ballmill rotation speed, omega, 80-180rpm, NO_3^- was reduced to NO_2^- fast, then slowly to N_2 and NH_3. NO_3^- was reduced to NO_2^- 32-100% in 10h, but the reduction rate of NO_2^- was very low, so the maximum percentages of N_2 and NH_3 from NO_2^- were only 6 and 10%, respectively.Above 40ﾟC,NO_3^- was reduced under zero-order reaction and NO_2^- was formed corresponding to the reduction stoichiometry. The reduction rate was proportional to omega^<1/2>, and the apparent activation energy was 27.5kJ-mol^<-1>, but independent of the NO_3^- concentration. These results may suggest that the rate determining step is the peeling of PbO layr on the particle surface. Below 25ﾟC,the reduction rate decreased with reaction time as the surface was not covered completely with PbO due to the lowering of the rate. Less

[1]在373 K下，将氧化铅（II）加入到0.1- 2 M的NH_4NO_3溶液中，沉淀碱式硝酸铅（II），同时用水蒸气蒸馏法回收NH_3。考察了PbO/NO_3^-摩尔比、水蒸气蒸馏时间对硝酸铅去除率和NH_3回收率的影响以及碱式硝酸铅的组成。当PbO/NO_3^-摩尔比为4时，反应1h，NO_3^-以Pb（NO_3）_2·5 Pb（OH）_2的形式去除，NH_3的回收率可达100%左右。当NH_4NO_3浓度高于0.5M时，NO_3^-的去除与NO_3^-的初始浓度无关。NH_3的回收与NO_3^-的去除类似。[2]铅板原位抛光研磨还原硝酸钠溶液在NaNO_3溶液中，用抛光研磨剂连续研磨铅板产生的细铅粉还原硝酸根离子。在25-80摄氏度下，初始浓度 ...更多信息 NO_3 ~（2-）-0.01-0.1M，缓冲液转速400- 800转/分，12小时内20-100%的NO_3 ~（2-）被还原为NO_3 ~（2-）、N_2和/或NH_3。由于NO_3^-的还原速率极慢，12 h时N_2和NH_2的生成量分别为14，6%。在使用粗抛光液（#120）和提高转速以产生较大的Pb颗粒（20 μ m）的情况下，由于去除了Pb颗粒上生长的PbO层，增加了Pb的磨损量和Pb的表面积，NO_3 ~（2-）的还原速率提高。然而，铅的还原效率下降的未反应的铅核的量的增加。[3]铅滴湿法球磨还原硝酸钠的速率在球磨反应器中，硝酸根离子还原在铅滴表面形成的金属氧化物通过相互接触不断被去除。在5 -80 ℃、NaNO_3初始浓度0.05- 0.1M、球磨转速ω 80- 180 rpm条件下，NO_3^-快速还原为NO_2^-，然后缓慢通入N_2和NH_3。NO_3^-在10 h内被还原为NO_2 ^-的比例为32-100%，但NO_2^-的还原率很低，最大还原率仅为6%，NH_3的最大还原率为10%，在40 ℃以上，NO_3 ^-被还原为零级反应，NO_2^-被还原为相应的还原化学计量。还原速率与ω ^&lt;1/2&gt;成正比，表观活化能为27.5kJ·mol ^（？<-1>）这些结果可能表明，速率控制步骤是颗粒表面PbO层的剥离。低于25 ℃时，还原速率随着反应时间的延长而降低，这是因为由于还原速率降低，表面没有完全被PbO覆盖。少

项目成果

Miho, Uchida: "Recovery Ammonia and Nitrate Ion from Ammonium Nitrate in Wastewater by Steam Distillation Adding Lead(II)Oxide" Hydrometallurgy. 45(3). 239-247 (1997)

Miho，Uchida：“通过蒸汽蒸馏添加氧化铅从废水中的硝酸铵中回收氨和硝酸根离子”湿法冶金。

Miho Uchida: "Recovery of Ammonia and Nitrate Ion from Ammonium Nitrate in Wastewater by Steam Distillation Adding Lead(II)Oxide" Hydrometallurgy. 45(3). 239-247 (1997)

Miho Uchida：“通过蒸汽蒸馏添加氧化铅从废水中的硝酸铵中回收氨和硝酸根离子”湿法冶金。

Miho Uchida: "XPS Study of the passive Layers Formed on Lead in Aqueous Nitrate Solutions" Chemistry Letters. (5). 449-450 (1997)

Miho Uchida：“硝酸盐水溶液中铅上形成的钝化层的 XPS 研究”化学快报。

Kazuyo Kikuchi, Miho Uchida, Toshiaki Yoshioka, and Akitsugu Okuwaki: ""Reduction Rate of Sodium Nitrate by Lead Drops with Wet-Ballmilling"" Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunsyu. 23 (4). 548-554 (1997)

Kazuyo Kikuchi、Miho Uchida、Toshiaki Yoshioka 和 Akitsugu Okuwaki：““湿式球磨法铅滴对硝酸钠的还原率”” Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunsyu。

内田美穂: "鉛板のその場バフ研磨によるNaNO_3溶液の還元" 日本化学会誌. 10号. 895-902 (1996)

Miho Uchida：“通过铅板的原位抛光来还原 NaNO_3 溶液”，日本化学学会杂志，第 10 期。895-902 (1996)。