Crystallographic studies on inorganic components of black-and calcium bilirubinate gallstones

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Chemical and crystallographic analysis, by powder X-ray diffractometry, were carried out on black-and calcium bilirubinate gallstones.Hydroxyapatite and whitlockite [TCP] were identified in black qallstones. HAP was found in twenty gallstones speciments, TCP in eight, but the remaining six specimens contained HAP plus TCP.There was a close correlation between the calcium contents and phosphorus contents of both HAP,the following correlation was found : Y=2.154X+18.00, r=0.9943. For the specimens containing TCP,Y=1.964X+13.43, r=0.9994. The slope of each regression line was nearly equal to the idealized Ca/P weight ratio of 2.157 (HAP) or 1.941 (TCP).Crystallographic pattern of calcium carbonate in calcium carbonate pius calcium phosphate stone group, calcite was dominant, but in calcium carbonate group aragonite was dominant.On X-ray diffractometry, some peak similar with that of calcium bilirubinate stones was found at low angle area.