Distribuution and geomorphic significance of mountain permafrost in the Japanese Alps

日本阿尔卑斯山脉多年冻土的分布及其地貌意义

• 批准号: 08680184
• 负责人: MATSUOKA Norikazu
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08680184/
• 关键词: permafrost; periglacial; rock glacier; mass movements; ground temperature; monitoring

The distribution of mountain permafrost was estimated in two regions of the Japanese Alps, by means of field monitoring of ground temperature and topographic analyzes of rock glaciers that indicate permafrost conditions. Field observations were also undertaken in an attempt to evaluate contemporary geomorphic processes associated with mountain permafrost. The two-year study led to the following conclusions.1.Thermal observations indicate that the rock glacier in the Kuranosuke cirque, northern Japanese Alps, is underlain by permafrost and, hence, the rock glacier has not yet been fossilized. Permafrost may also be present in the north-facing rockwalls above 3000m ASL in the Ainodake region, southern Japanese Alps.2.The topographic analysis demonstrates that large part of the landforms which have previously been identified as the Late Glacial moraines are, in fact, relict rock glaciers, suggesting the past permafrost environments widespread over Japanese Alps. These rock glaciers have the lobate or tongue-shaped form, ridge-furrow topography, highest outermost ridge and subsided top surface, all of which are observed on the typical fossilized rock glaciers in the Swiss Alps.3.Three kinds of freeze-thaw cycles are proposed in light of temporal scales. They are diurnal, annual and millennial cycles. The presence of permafrost rarely affects diurnal freeze-thaw action, but it is essential in controlling slope processes occurring at the annual basis. The third type, millennial freeze-thaw action, reflects directly the growth and decay of permafrost, possibly producing a large-scale gemorphic changes including cliff falls and debris flows on steep mountain slopes. Recent global warming gives attention to future predictions of natural hazards originating from the thawing phase of a millennial cycle.

通过对岩石冰川的地面温度和地形分析，在日本阿尔卑斯山的两个区域估计了多年冻土的分布，这些岩石冰川表明了多年冻土条件。还进行了野外观察，以评估与山冻土相关的当代地貌过程。这项为期两年的研究得出了以下结论。1。透射观察表明，北日本阿尔卑斯山的库拉诺介透明的岩石冰川受到了永久冻土的限制，因此，岩石冰川尚未被化石。多年冻土也可能出现在日本南部ALP的3000m ASL以上的北向岩壁中。2。地形分析表明，以前已确定为晚期冰川的冰川的大部分地面分析实际上是遗物冰川冰川，表明了过去的冰冻环境，这表明对日本的大量冰冻环境广泛存在。这些岩石冰川具有叶片或舌形的形式，山脊 - 潮流地形，最高外部脊和顶部表面，所有这些都在瑞士ALP的典型化石冰川上观察到所有这些。它们是昼夜，年度和千禧一代的周期。永久冻土的存在很少会影响昼夜冻结作用，但这对于控制年度发生的斜率过程至关重要。第三种类型的千禧一代冻融动作直接反映了多年冻土的生长和衰变，可能会产生大规模的颗粒状变化，包括悬崖瀑布和陡峭的山坡上的碎屑流。最近的全球变暖引起了人们对千禧周期融化阶段自然危害的未来预测。

项目成果

松岡 憲知: "岩石氷河-氷河説と周氷河説-" 地学雑誌. (印刷中). (1998)

Kentomo Matsuoka：“岩石冰川 - 冰川理论和冰缘理论”地质杂志（1998 年出版）。

Norikazu, Matsuoka: "Soil moisture variability in relation to diurnal frost heaving on Japanese high mountain slopes" Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 7(2). 139-151 (1996)

Norikazu，Matsuoka：“土壤湿度变化与日本高山斜坡日间冻胀的关系”永久冻土和冰缘过程。

Norikazu Matsuoka et al.: "The role of diurnal,annual and millennial freeze-thaw cycles in controlling alpine slope instability" proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Permafrost. (印刷中). (1998)

Norikazu Matsuoka 等人：“昼夜、年度和千年冻融循环在控制高山斜坡不稳定中的作用”第七届国际永久冻土会议记录（1998 年）。

Matsuoka, N.: "The relationship between frost heave and downslope soil movement : field measurements in the Japanese Alps" Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. (in press). (1998)

Matsuoka, N.：“冻胀与下坡土壤运动之间的关系：日本阿尔卑斯山的现场测量”永久冻土和冰缘过程。

Norikazu Matsuoka: "Soil moisture variability in relation to diurnal frost heaving on Japanese higy mountain slopes" Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 7(2). 139-151 (1996)

Norikazu Matsuoka：“土壤湿度变化与日本高山坡上的日霜冻有关”永久冻土和冰缘过程。