Aeronautics and Human-Engineering Joint Research to Avoid Aircraft Stall Accidents

当飞机的机翼迎角增大时，在某一迎角处升力会突然下降。这被称为机翼失速，是飞机事故的一个原因。为了避免飞机失速事故的发生，不仅要考虑飞机的飞行动力学因素，而且要考虑飞行员的人体工程学因素。本研究的目的是从飞行力学和人机工程学的角度来阐明飞行员的失速避免和改出技术。本研究主要针对气动与飞行动态失速特性、驾驶技术与驾驶员工作负荷进行研究。首先，利用飞行模拟器进行驾驶员工作负荷量测，以了解驾驶员的驾驶技术与驾驶员工作负荷。建立了一种以飞行员信息处理为主要内容的飞行员工作负荷评估方法。结果表明，经验不足的飞行员在整个飞行过程中的工作负荷一直很高。高工作量阻碍了准确和正确的决策，从而进一步增加了工作量。第二，使用实际飞机进行了飞行试验，以测量飞行期间飞行员的眼球运动，包括飞机经历失速时。结果表明，正确的驾驶和准确的决策是必要的，由飞行员保持正确的飞机姿态，即使在飞机经历失速。最后，研究了飞机失速时的飞行动力学特性，以预测飞机的失速特性。

When the wing angle of attack of the aircraft is increased, sudden decrease of lift happens at certain angle of attack. This is called a wing stall and is known as a cause of the aircraft accident. To avoid the aircraft stall accidents, it is necessary to consider not only the flight dynamical aspects of aircrafts but also the human engineering aspects of pilots. The purpose of this research is to make clear the stall avoidance and recovery techniques by the pilot from the points both of flight dynamics and of human engineering. Aerodynamic and flight dynamic stall characteristics, piloting technique and the pilot workload have been studied in this research.First, pilot workload measurements using a flight simulator have been done to investigate pilot skills and the pilot workload. A pilot workload evaluation method has been established that mainly concentrates on the pilot's information processing. Results showed that the workload of the in-experienced pilot is continuously high dining the whole flight. High workload precludes the accurate and correct decision making that increases the workload further.Second, flight tests have been conducted using the actual aircraft to measure the pilot eye movements during the flight including when the aircraft experiences the stall. Results indicated that the proper piloting and accurate decision by the pilot are necessary to maintain the aircraft attitude correctly, even when the aircraft experiences the stall. Importance of eye scanning onto the proper instruments was also discussed.Finally, flight dynamical characteristics when the aircraft experiences the stall have been investigated to predict the aircraft stall characteristics.