Aeronautics and Human-Engineering Joint Research to Avoid Aircraft Stall Accidents

当飞机的机翼迎角增大时，在一定的迎角下升力会突然减小。这被称为机翼失速，是飞机事故的原因之一。为了避免飞机失速事故的发生，既要考虑飞机的飞行动力学方面，也要考虑飞行员的人体工程学方面。本研究旨在从飞行动力学和人体工程学的角度，明确飞行员的失速避免和恢复技术。研究了飞机的气动和飞行动态失速特性、驾驶技术和飞行员工作量。首先，使用飞行模拟器进行了飞行员工作量测量，以调查飞行员技能和飞行员工作量。建立了一种以飞行员信息处理为重点的飞行员工作量评估方法。结果表明，在整个飞行过程中，经验不足的飞行员的工作负荷持续偏高。高工作量妨碍了准确和正确的决策制定，从而进一步增加了工作量。其次，使用实际飞机进行了飞行测试，以测量飞行员在飞行过程中的眼球运动，包括飞机经历失速时的眼球运动。结果表明，在飞机发生失速时，飞行员正确的驾驶和准确的决策是保持飞机正确姿态的必要条件。讨论了在合适的仪器上进行眼扫描的重要性。最后，研究了飞机失速时的飞行动力学特性，以预测飞机的失速特性。

When the wing angle of attack of the aircraft is increased, sudden decrease of lift happens at certain angle of attack. This is called a wing stall and is known as a cause of the aircraft accident. To avoid the aircraft stall accidents, it is necessary to consider not only the flight dynamical aspects of aircrafts but also the human engineering aspects of pilots. The purpose of this research is to make clear the stall avoidance and recovery techniques by the pilot from the points both of flight dynamics and of human engineering. Aerodynamic and flight dynamic stall characteristics, piloting technique and the pilot workload have been studied in this research.First, pilot workload measurements using a flight simulator have been done to investigate pilot skills and the pilot workload. A pilot workload evaluation method has been established that mainly concentrates on the pilot's information processing. Results showed that the workload of the in-experienced pilot is continuously high dining the whole flight. High workload precludes the accurate and correct decision making that increases the workload further.Second, flight tests have been conducted using the actual aircraft to measure the pilot eye movements during the flight including when the aircraft experiences the stall. Results indicated that the proper piloting and accurate decision by the pilot are necessary to maintain the aircraft attitude correctly, even when the aircraft experiences the stall. Importance of eye scanning onto the proper instruments was also discussed.Finally, flight dynamical characteristics when the aircraft experiences the stall have been investigated to predict the aircraft stall characteristics.