A Study on Development of Prevention Programs Against Bullying and Its Meta-Manuals

研究结果如下。首先，根据我们的国际比较定量研究结果，日本人被欺负的经历率与欧洲国家相比非常低，但日本人长期一周内被欺负几次的比例是最高的。这意味着，尽管日本的受害事件并不多见，但受害事件一旦发生，其加速的趋势却比其他国家更强。此外，日本和欧洲国家在“旁观者”和“干预者”的动态上有明显的区别。在日本，随着从小学生到初中生的发展，“旁观者”的数量越来越多，“干预者”的数量越来越少，而欧洲的“干预者”数量越来越多，“旁观者”数量越来越少。其次，对参与欺凌的人周围的人进行威慑，不仅在日本，而且在有共同欺凌问题的欧洲国家，对欺凌的干预/预防项目都起着相当重要的作用。第三，这种威慑是建立在“共生”的基础上产生的，“共生”意识在学生身上的发展会对预防和干预欺凌行为产生威慑作用。第四，威慑的脆弱性源于日本社会的“私有化”趋势，可以看作是“私有化”的有害影响。这种危害是在个人欲望过度增长的环境中产生的。日本社会需要在建立“个体自我”的基础上经历向“私有化”的过渡。

Findings of the research results are following.Firstly, according to the results of our international comparative quantitative research, experience rate of being victimized in Japan is very low compared with those in European countries but the Japanese rate of being bullied several times in one week for a long term is the highest. It means the stronger tendency for the victimization, once happened, to be accelerated without brake in Japan than those in other countries, despite Japanese infrequent occurrence of victimization. Moreover, clear distinction between Japan and European countries is observed in dynamics of "bystanders" and "intervenients". With development from primary school pupils to junior high students in Japan, the number of "bystanders" gets larger and the one of "intervenients" gets smaller though "intervenients" increases in number and "bystanders" decreases in Europe.Secondly, deterrence of the people who surround those involved in bulling takes quite significant roll in intervention/prevention programs against bullying not only in Japan but in European countries which share common problems of bullying.Thirdly, this deterrence is generated based on "the symbiotic" and development of "symbiotic" consciousness in students will grow deterrence to prevent and to intervene bullying.Fourthly, the fragility of deterrence stems from trend of "privatization" of Japanese society and it can be regarded as a baneful influence of "privatization". The banefulness has appeared in milieu of overgrowth of desires of individuals. Japanese society needs to experience transition into "privatization" based on establishment of "individual self".