A Study on Actual Conditions of School Violence and Its Prevention Programs in Europe and the U.S.A.

作为社会恢复性司法基础的恢复性司法与社区司法关系的理论分析，证明了这些理论框架对诸如校园暴力等问题的适用性。文献分析显示，欧美国家已将关系恢复性司法的理念引入未成年人犯罪和少年犯罪案件中，并应用于校园欺凌案件。案例研究表明，在美国，非政府组织活动作为关系恢复性司法与社区司法相结合的社会恢复性司法的一种实现方式，在预防犯罪中发挥了重要作用;作为关系恢复性司法和社区司法实现的一个范例，亚特兰大律师协会支持的逃学干预计划志愿者活动，在格鲁吉亚，逃学是非法的，因此成功地防止了少年犯罪和违法行为;经合组织或欧盟的国际组织，如“欧洲学校暴力观察站”，已经认识到恢复性司法和社区司法的关系是学校暴力干预的有效概念，这些理论在澳大利亚以家庭小组会议的形式在学校和社区的合作下得以实施;在欧洲，社会恢复性正义和社区正义与宗教有着密切的联系。

Theoretical analysis of relation restorative justice and community justice, which makes basis of social restorative justice, has proven applicability of these theoretical frames to issues such as school violence. Literature analyses have revealed that concept of relation restorative justice has been introduced in minor offenses and delinquency cases and applied to bullying in schools in European and American countries. And case studies have revealed; NGO activities have played significant roles in delinquency prevention as a realization of social restorative justice with combination of relation restorative justice and community justice in the U.S.A; As an example of realization of relation restorative justice and community justice, volunteer activities of Truancy Intervention Program supported by Atlanta Bar Association, have been successful to prevent delinquency and offenses in Georgia, where truancy is illegal ; International organizations in OECD or EU, such as 'European Observatory of School Violence', have recognized relation restorative justice and community justice as effective concept for school violence intervention/prevention program and have accumulated information of these cases, which are highly suggestive ; These theories are put into effect as Family Group Conference in Australia, with cooperation of schools and communities ; Social restorative justice and community justice have much relation with religions in Europe.