Preparation of peptide vaccines according to the cassette theory against newly emerged influenza virus

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1. According to the cassette theory, we prepared a synthetic peptide vaccine against H5 subtype influenza viruses. The peptide, however, could not induce neutralizing antibodies specific for H5 subtype influenza viruses in mice. This result suggests that all antibodies produced by immunizing with the peptides prepared according to the cassette theory could not recognize their original proteins. Thus, we are preparing a new peptide which can mimic the original protein. Namely, it contains a circular peptide formed with a disulfied bond and an I-AィイD1bィエD1 binding component (46F/54A).2. After inoculation with NP366-374 peptide of a H3 subtype influenza virus in multilamellar liposome and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody into nasal cavity of mice, the H3 subtype influenza virus was challenged. The virus infection could be prevented for 2 months by CTL activated in mice that were inoculated with both materials. It seems that the NP peptide vaccine is effective in preventing other subtypes influenza viruses, because NP contains little mutation. Thus, we are protecting infection of H5 subtype influenza viruses using liposomal NP366-374 peptide and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody.