Logical Appraisal of Nagarjuna's Methods of Argument

这个研究项目的两个主要目的是完成并出版《Mulamadhyamakakarika》的准确和可读的英文翻译，这是大乘佛教中观学派的创始人龙树的主要作品，并从逻辑上评估他的作品中发现的非常具有破坏性的论点。在这个报告中，我首先写了一篇文章(1)“龙树与四题”，在这篇文章中，我澄清了龙树的破坏性论点的本质包括从阿毗达摩大师那里继承的列举法（catuskoti）和他自己创造的还原和荒谬法。接下来，我加入了一篇论文(2)“龙树与三难困境”，这篇论文是我去年十月在华沙大学举行的纪念斯坦尼斯拉夫·沙耶尔诞辰一百周年国际会议上读到的，我在其中分析了另一种龙树的破坏性论点，即所谓的“三难困境”，以及奈雅伊卡的反驳论点。关于龙树的论点的更详细的分析，在我的书《印陀金论》（中央论社，1998年10月）的第四章中给出。去年11月和12月，Mark Siderits教授访问广岛大学两周时，他试图检查我的《Mulamadhyamakakarika》的英文翻译。由于我们无法涵盖整本书，我们决定定期见面，并合作出版新的英文译本。在这份报告中，我包括了我对全文的粗略翻译和Siderits教授对第二章的精炼翻译。我还包括了我对第二十四章和第二十六章的翻译，这些翻译已经由另一位母语人士检查过了。

The two main aims of this research project is to complete and publish an accurate and readable English translation of the Mulamadhyamakakarika, the main work of Nagarjuna, founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, and to evaluate logically the very destructive arguments found in his works.In this report I first wrote an article (1) "Nagarjuna and the Tetralemma (catuskoti)", in which I clarified that the essence of Nagarjuna's destuctive arguments consists of Method of Enumeration called catuskoti he inherited from Abhidharma masters and Method of reductio ad absurdum perhaps he himself created.Next I inculded a paper (2) "Nagarjuna and the Trilemma or trikalya-siddhi", which I read at International Conference to Commemorate the Centenary of the Birth of Stanislaw Schayer held at the University of Warsaw last October, and in which I analyzed another type of Nagarjuna' s destructive argument called traikalyasiddhi together with the counter-arguments given by the Naiyayikas.The more detailed analysis of Nagarjuna's arguments is given in the fourth chapter of my book Indojin no Ronrigaku (Chuokoronsha, October 1998).When Prof. Mark Siderits visited Hiroshima Universit for two weeks last November and December, he tried to check my English translation of the Mulamadhyamakakarika. Since we could not cover the whole book, we decided to meet regularly and to publish a new English translation of the text in cooperation. In this report I included my rough translation of the whole text and the refined translation of chapter II done by Prof. Siderits. I also included my translations of chapters XXIV and XXVI, which have been checked by another native speaker.