The effect of interpersonal affect on the person memory

本研究旨在探讨人际情感与人的记忆之间的关系。实验1的目的是检验人对情绪事件和中性事件的记忆。研究人员向实验参与者展示了由18张彩色幻灯片组成的主题系列。每张幻灯片播放7秒。在中性条件下，这18张幻灯片描绘了一天中的场景：一个女人离开家，去公园，看报纸，走进剧院，喝一罐红色的果汁，然后回家。关键的第9和第10张幻灯片在中性状态下描绘了歌剧的场景。关于情绪条件的幻灯片系列与中性条件的幻灯片1-8和11-18相同。在情感状态下的关键幻灯片描绘了死者的身体因头部受伤而大量出血。在观看完幻灯片后，参与者立即对除两张关键幻灯片外的16张幻灯片进行了两种选择的强迫选择识别测试。结果表明，序列位置块（前半段和后半段）与情绪唤醒在认知得分中存在显著的交互作用。实验二的目的是考察第一印象对延迟人记忆的影响。参与者首先被告知目标人物的敌对或友好描述，以形成第一印象。然后他们被要求阅读关于热情好客的模棱两可的行为描述。大约一个小时后，他们被要求回忆他们之前读过的行为描述。给予友好印象的参与者比给予敌对印象的参与者记住了更多的敌对行为描述，而两组之间在回忆中性描述方面没有显著差异。

This study was conducted to examine the relationships between interpersonal affect and person memories. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to examine person memory for emotional versus neutral events. Participants in the experiment were presented with a thematic series of 18 color slides. Each slide was shown for 7 sec. In the neutral condition, the 18 slides depicted one day scenes that a woman are leaving home, going to the park, reading a newspaper, entering into the theater, drinking a red can of juice, and going back to home. The critical, ninth and tenth, slides in the neutral condition depicted scenes of an opera. The slide series for the emotional condition was identical to the neutral condition with respect to slides 1-8 and 11-18. The critical slides in the emotional condition depicted the dead men's bodies bleeding heavily from head injury. Immediately after viewing the slides, the participants were given a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test on the 16 slides except for two critical slides. The results showed that the significant interaction between serial position blocks (first half or second half) and emotional arousal was observed in recognition scores.The purpose of the Experiment 2 was to investigate the effect of the first impression on delayed person memory. Participants were first given hostile or friendly descriptions of a target person to form the first impressions. Then they were asked to read the behavioral descriptions that was ambiguous regarding hospitality. About an hour later, they were asked to recall the behavioral descriptions that they have previously read. Participants who have given friendly impressions remembered more hostile behavioral descriptions than those who given hostile impressions, while there were no significant differences between the two groups in the recall of neutral descriptions.