Japanese as aliens-transitions in representations of Japanese in American literature

日本人作为外星人——美国文学中日本人形象的转变

• 批准号: 10610473
• 负责人: UZAWA Yoshiko
• 金额: $ 1.79万
• 依托单位: TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610473/
• 关键词: Immigration; Yellow peril; Eurasian; Racial stereotypes; Irwin, Wallace; Watanna, Onoto; Hashimura Togo; Seed of the Sun; 異文化交流; アーウィン、ウォラス; ワタンナ、オノト; 日米関係; 日本人ステレオタイプ; 日本人学僕; ウォラス・アーウィン; 異人種間アイデンティティ

The objective of this research project has been to analyze how Japanese have been represented in American literature. For the period, I have chosen the period spanning 1890-1930 ; the period of mounting tension between Japan and the United States. For the author, I have chosen Wallace Irwin, a humorous writer who has created "Hashimura Togo", a Japanese schoolboy. This period has been picked because the immigrants from Japan were not of the typical type : many of them were from well to do families with high level of education. Thus, contrary to the public perception of immigrants as social ladder climbers, immigrants from Japan were climbing down the ladder. Their plight is summarized in Irwin's term "Japanese schoolboy, a domestic servant". Thus the Japanese (mostly male), even though they were grown up, with respectable social standing in their own country, were "boys", and those who were male became maid-help. The paradox is exploited in a striking and humorous way by Wallace Irwin in his series. In our view, Irwin has created Hashimura Togo drawing on his own experience as a poor white in the U.S.working his way up ; in doing so, he has successfully challenged the dominant conception of race, gender and class.

这项研究项目的目的是分析日本在美国文学中的表现。对于这段时期，我选择了横跨1890年至1930年的时期；这是日本和美国之间日益紧张的时期。对于作者，我选择了华莱士·欧文，他是一位幽默的作家，创作了日本小学生《桥村多哥》。之所以选择这一时期，是因为来自日本的移民不是典型的类型：他们中的许多人来自受过高教育的富裕家庭。因此，与公众认为移民是社会阶梯攀登者的看法相反，来自日本的移民正在顺着阶梯攀登。他们的困境可以用欧文的话来概括：“日本小学生，一个家庭佣人”。因此，日本人(大多数是男性)，即使他们已经长大，在自己的国家拥有体面的社会地位，也是“男孩”，而那些男性则成为女佣。华莱士·欧文在他的系列中以一种引人注目和幽默的方式利用了这一悖论。在我们看来，欧文利用自己在美国作为贫穷白人的经历创造了桥村多哥；通过这样做，他成功地挑战了种族、性别和阶级的主导概念。

项目成果

UZAWA (Tomishima), Yoshiko: "Wallace Irwin and the yellow peril"Monogatari no yurameki, Nanun-do. 245-270 (1998)

宇泽（富岛）、芳子：《华莱士·欧文与黄祸》《物语之夜目》，七云堂。

宇沢美子: "『アメリカ文学の新世紀』所収「人はそれを排日小説と呼ぶ」"南雲堂. (2001)

宇泽芳子：“人们称其为抗日小说”，摘自《美国文学新世纪》《Nanundo》。（2001）

UZAWA, Yoshiko: "On the so-called anti-japanese fiction"New trends in American Literature, Nanun-do. (forthcoming). (2001)

宇泽芳子：“论所谓的抗日小说”，美国文学新动向，南云堂。

富島美子: "『物語のゆらめき』所収「日本男子売ります!-ウォラス・アーウィンと黄禍物語」"南雲堂. 245-270 (1998)

富岛芳子：“日本男人卖！ - 沃拉斯·欧文和黄祸的故事”，收录于《物语之尤拉梅基》，Nanundo 245-270 (1998)。

富島美子: "『物語のゆらめき』所収「『日本男子』売ります!」" 南雲堂, 245-269 (1998)

富岛芳子：“我正在出售《物语之尤拉梅基》中的‘日本男子’”Nanundo，245-269 (1998)