Semantiac and Pragmatic Study on Referential/Non-referential Noun Phrases

指称/非指称名词短语的语义和语用研究

• 批准号: 10610520
• 负责人: NISHIYAMA Yuji
• 金额: $ 1.66万
• 依托单位: Keio University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610520/
• 关键词: topic; reference; copular sentences; specificational sentence; NP involving a variable; attributive noun phrases; concealed question; presentational function; コピュラ文; 変項名詞句; 提示文; 名詞句; 指示文; 変項名詞; 属性名詞; 変化文; 指示性; 意味解釈

We have given various considerations to semantic properties of the subject NP and the predicate NP in copular sentences. The notion of NPIV (NP involving a variable) is essential for the explanation of ambiguity an NP shows with respect to referentiality. This notion has been profitably employed to make the following findings :(1) The NP "A" in a specificational sentence of the form "A wa B da" is an NPIV and not a referential NP.The NP, therefore, cannot stand as the topic of the sentence, nor can the sentence itself be properly called a topic sentence, contrary to a widely held opinion. (Cf.Nishiyama 2000)(2) To understand the ambiguity of the expression "the grammar that a speaker knows" helps to resolve the confusion surrounding the controversial question of what is the identity of a speaker's grammar. (Cf.Nishiyama 1998)(3) When compared with English inverted sentences, it becomes clear that one type of "A ga B da" sentence exemplified by "Tokuni osusumenano ga kono menyuu desu" serves a presentational function, which is quite distinct from either the function of identification or that of specification. A in this type of sentence does not describe the characteristics of B nor does it contain a variable. (Cf.Kumamoto 2000)We have also shown the significance of the approach based on the semantic functions actually performed by the constituents in the subject position and the predicate position in a given sentence. Specifically, we have proved the following :(4) Not only NPs and APs but also PPs function as predicatives, which is supported by cross language data. (Cf.Koya 1998, )(5) Analysis of copular sentences based solely on formal aspects such as word order or definite-indefinite distinction has its limitations. (Cf.Kumamoto 1998)

我们对系动词句中主语NP和谓语NP的语义性质作了各种考察。NPIV（NP involving a variable）的概念对于解释NP在指称性方面表现出的歧义是必不可少的。（1）在“A wa B da”形式的特定句中，NP“A”是一个NPIV，而不是一个指称NP，因此，NP不能作为句子的主题，句子本身也不能被恰当地称为主题句。（参见Nishiyama 2000）（2）理解“说话者所知道的语法”这一表述的歧义性有助于解决围绕着什么是说话者语法的同一性这一有争议的问题的困惑。（3）与英语倒装句相比，“A ga B da”句中的“Tokuni osusumenano ga kono menyuu desu”具有表征功能，这一功能与识别功能或具体化功能截然不同。这类句子中的A既不描述B的特征，也不包含变量。（参阅熊本，2000）我们还根据句子中主语和谓语成分的实际语义功能说明了这种方法的重要性。具体来说，我们证明了以下几点：（4）不仅NP和AP具有谓语功能，而且PP也具有谓语功能，这一点得到了跨语言数据的支持。（参见科亚1998，）（5）仅从形式方面（如词序或定-不定区别）分析系动词句有其局限性。（参阅熊本1998）

项目成果

西山佑司: "二つのタイプの指定文"山田進他編『日本語 意味と文法の風景-国広哲弥教授古希記念論文集』(ひつじ書房). 31-46 (2000)

西山雄二：“指定句子的两种类型”，山田进等编，“日语意义和语法的景观 - 纪念Tetsuya Kunihiro Kouki教授的论文集”（Hitsuji Shobo）31-46（2000）。

西山 佑司: "The Ambiguities of 'Speaker's Grammar'"Keio Studies in Theoretical Linguistics. II. (2000)

Yuji Nishiyama：“‘说话者语法’的歧义”，庆应义塾理论语言学研究（2000）。

Yuji Nishiyama: "Linguistic Meaning and Explicatures : Interpretation of Japanese sentence, Itami Juzo kantoku no eiga ga dandan omoshiroku natte kita"Reports of the Keio Institute of Cultural Linguistic Studies. No.31. 185-207 (1999)

西山雄二：“语言意义和解释：日语句子的解释，Itami Juzo kantoku no eiga ga dandan omoshiroku natte kita”庆应义塾文化语言学研究所的报告。

Yuji Nishiyama: "Ambiguity of 'Speaker's Grammar'"Y.Nishiyama ed., Keio Studies in Theoretical Linguistics. Vol.2. 123-159 (2000)

Yuji Nishiyama：“‘说话者语法’的歧义”Y.Nishiyama 编辑，庆应义塾理论语言学研究。

西山佑司: "倒置指定文と有題文"慶應義塾大学言語文化研究所紀要. 32号. 71-120 (2000)

西山雄二：“倒装指定句和标题句”庆应义塾大学语言文化研究所通报第32. 71-120（2000）。