Crime and Duty of Common People in Sendai-Clan

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In the modern states the costs of criminal detection and punishment were paid by the states. But in pre-modern states the common people shared the costs. The concrete examples are as follows :(1) When the policemen who were called Kohitometsuke, Doshin and Meakashi were dispatched to the villages, the costs of their stay and meal were paid by the common people who were lived there. Besides, the common people had to prepare the watchmen for the suspects.(2) The suspects were sent under guard to the court that was called Hyojosho in Sendai. The traveling expenses were paid by the towns which located on the way to Sendai.(3) The suspects were detained in the prison that was called Ro. The common people shared the detaining expenses called Romai. Especially in gambling case the neighbors of the criminal had to pay the Romai.(4) The common people shared the costs of death penalty, pillory and banishment with the states.The share of these costs was the duty of common people. It was indispensable for the criminal procedure in the pre-modern states.