Crime and Duty of Common People in Sendai-Clan

仙台藩平民的犯罪与义务

• 批准号: 10620001
• 负责人: YOSHIDA Masashi
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: TOHUKU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10620001/
• 关键词: crime detection; Dosin; Meakashi; Hyojosho; prison; banishment; 仙台藩; 藩法; 徒者の役; 拘禁費用; 護送費用

In the modern states the costs of criminal detection and punishment were paid by the states. But in pre-modern states the common people shared the costs. The concrete examples are as follows :(1) When the policemen who were called Kohitometsuke, Doshin and Meakashi were dispatched to the villages, the costs of their stay and meal were paid by the common people who were lived there. Besides, the common people had to prepare the watchmen for the suspects.(2) The suspects were sent under guard to the court that was called Hyojosho in Sendai. The traveling expenses were paid by the towns which located on the way to Sendai.(3) The suspects were detained in the prison that was called Ro. The common people shared the detaining expenses called Romai. Especially in gambling case the neighbors of the criminal had to pay the Romai.(4) The common people shared the costs of death penalty, pillory and banishment with the states.The share of these costs was the duty of common people. It was indispensable for the criminal procedure in the pre-modern states.

在现代国家，刑事侦查和惩罚的费用由各州支付。但在前现代国家，普通民众分担了成本。具体例子如下：（1）当被称为小人见助、道进、目明志的警察被派往村庄时，他们的住宿费和伙食费都是由居住在那里的老百姓支付的。此外，老百姓还得为嫌疑人准备看守人。 (2) 嫌疑人被送往仙台市兵城所法庭看守。旅费由前往仙台途中的城镇支付。(3) 嫌疑人被关押在名为“Ro”的监狱中。老百姓共同分担拘留费用，称为“Romai”。特别是在赌博案件中，罪犯的邻居必须向罗麦人支付费用。（4）普通民众与国家分担死刑、颈手枷和流放的费用。这些费用的分担是普通民众的义务。它对于前现代国家的刑事诉讼程序是不可或缺的。

项目成果

Yoshida Masashi: "Public Record of Sendai-Clan"The Journal of Material Center of Faculty of Law, Tohoku Univ.. 30. 1-33 (2000)

吉田正志：《仙台氏公志》东北大学法学部资料中心学报. 30. 1-33 (2000)

吉田正志: "藩法史料叢書 3・仙台藩上"創文社(予定). 800 (2002)

吉田正史：《宗法史料系列3-仙台藩第1卷》总文社800（计划）。

Yoshida Masashi: "Code of Sendai-Clan"The Journal of Material Center of Faculty of Law, Tohoku Univ.. 29. 1-48 (1999)

吉田正志：《仙台氏法典》东北大学法学部资料中心学报. 29. 1-48 (1999)

吉田正志: "(仮題)仙台藩法令集"東北大学法学部法政資料調査室研究資料. 29. 1-48 (1999)

吉田正志：《（暂定名）仙台藩法律集》东北大学法学部法律政治资料研究室研究资料29. 1-48（1999）。

吉田正志: "御用記録書"東北大学法学部法制資料調査室研究資料. 30. 1-33 (2000)

吉田正志：《政府记录》东北大学法学部立法资料研究室研究资料。 30. 1-33 (2000)