Development of ADL index for older people

本研究的目的是为居家健康的老年人开发一个有用的ADL(日常生活活动)指数。首先，考虑到前人的研究和理论效度，从四个领域中选取了57个ADL的130个条目。这项调查对2100名老年人进行了调查，并计算了每一项的成功率。其次，对458名老年人进行了由15个ADL项目组成的调查和文部科学文化部的身体素质测试，以检验ADL项目及其量表的实用价值。从年龄、身体素质水平和日常生活能力项目之间相互关系的角度进行分析的结果是，提出了以下12个有用的日常生活能力项目：在运动领域，跳过沟、行走、上下楼梯和转移；在操作领域，将床上用品拿进拿出、扣子扣上衬衫；在稳定…第三，对5715名65岁及以上老年人进行ADL问卷调查，考察ADL指数的信度和效度，以及ADL得分与各因素之间的关系(P<0.05)。自评健康状况和体适能水平，运动频次/周)，并根据ADL得分分布情况，检查进行体能测试的筛选依据。日常生活能力指数的重测信度在12个日常生活能力项目(0.674≦r≦0.886)与总分(r=0.943)之间呈显著正相关。ADL得分与年龄和体能测试成绩显著相关，自评健康状况和体能水平越高、锻炼次数越多的受试者，ADL得分越高。这些结果被认为证明了目前ADL指数的实用性。进一步，基于ADL总分分布与体能测试成绩之间关系的检验结果，提出了以总分或项目总分为筛选依据来判断是否可以进行体能测试。较少

The purpose of this study was to develop a useful ADL (activities of daily living) index for healthy older people at home. First, a total of 130 items for 57 ADLs were selected from the four domains, considering to previous studies and theoretical validity. The survey was carried out on 2,100 older people, and the achievement rate for each item was calculated. As a result, the 15 ADL items constructed with a three level scale were selected.Second, the survey consisting of 15 ADL items and a physical fitness test of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture were carried out on 458 older people to examine useful ADL items and their scales. As a result of analyses from the viewpoints of aging, physical fitness level, and interrelationship among ADL items, the following useful 12 ADL items were proposed; in the locomotion domain, jumping across a ditch, walking, running up and down stairs, and transfer; in the manipulation domain, taking bedding in and out, buttoning a shirt; in stabi … More lity domain, standing in the bus or train, dressing while standing (trousers), standing on one foot with eyes open; in the posture-change domain, sitting up, standing up from the floor.Third, a questionnaire consisting of 12 ADL items and a physical fitness test of the Ministry of Education were administered to 5,715 subjects 65 years or older, to examine reliability and validity of the ADL index, the relationships between ADL score and various factors (ex. self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level, and exercise frequency/week), and to examine the screening basis to execute the physical fitness test based on distribution of ADL score. Test-retest reliability of the ADL index showed significant high correlations in 12 ADL items (0.674 ≦ r ≦ 0.886) and overall score (r=0.943). The ADL score was significantly related to age and physical fitness test scores, and tended to be higher in subjects with a higher self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level, and with exercised more. These results were considered to prove the utility of the present ADL index. Further, based on the result of examining relationships between distribution of overall ADL score and physical fitness test scores, useful screening bases using overall score or item scores were proposed to judge whether or not the physical fitness tests could be executed. Less