The Examination of Various Living Conditions Affecting Health and Physical Fitness in Elderly People.

这项研究的主要目的是调查影响老年人健康和体能的各种生活条件。从各体质要素的体能表现测试、自感健康和生活状况两个项目进行理论效度筛选。首先对体质和身体素质的因素结构进行了检验，并对体质和身体素质随年龄的变化及其性别差异进行了检验。其次，基于横断面数据，研究了大学生自感健康程度(DPH)与身体健康和生活条件的关系。此外，还探讨了基本体能(FPF)与健康状况、日常生活活动能力、饮食习惯的关系。本研究的研究结果可概括如下：1.(1)在体型领域中，三个因素分别被解释为身体线性、身体体积和身体脂肪。Se…中的体块和体线性度更多的XE随着年龄的增长而减少。(2)在身体素质领域，4个因子分别被解释为肌肉力量、上下肢灵活性、平衡性和柔韧性，且男女均呈随年龄增长而下降的趋势。(3)增龄对肌肉力量和平衡的影响大于对上下肢柔韧性和灵活度的影响。2.(1)只有DPH与柔韧性因子显著相关。(2)DPH与BMI、年龄无明显关系。(3)精神压力刺激、睡前进食、社会贡献、体育活动等生活条件对DPH有影响。(1)健康状况、日常生活能力、饮食习惯等生活条件作为综合因素影响家庭功能。(2)运动习惯、既往病伤史、就寝时间、年龄等因素对FPF的下降有较大影响。(3)随着年龄的增长，FPF呈下降趋势，但每周持续锻炼1天或1天以上，似乎能有效延缓与年龄相关的FPF下降。(4)在60岁和70岁两个年龄段，不同生活水平的老年人对平均年龄的影响程度不同。较少

The main purpose of this study was to examine various living conditions affecting health and physical fitness in elderly people. Physical fitness performance tests from each physical fitness element, items on perceived health and living conditions were selected considering theoretical validity. Firstly, factorial structures of physique and physical fitness were examined and the examination of the change of physique and physical fitness with age and its sex difference was done. Secondly, based on a cross-sectional data, the relationships between the degree of perceived health (DPH), and physical fitness and living conditions were examined. The relationships of fundamental physical fitness (FPF) and health-conditions, activities of daily living, and food habits also were examined. The findings in this study can be summarized as follow : 1. (1) In physique domain, three factors were interpreted as body linearity, body bulk and body fat respectively. Body bulk and body linearity in both se … More xes decrease with age. (2) In physical fitness domain, four factors were interpreted as muscular strength, agility of upper and lower limbs, balance and flexibility respectively, and they show a declining trend with age in both sexes. (3) The influence of aging in muscular strength and balance is greater than that in flexibility and agility of upper and lower limbs. 2. (1) Only the relationship between the DPH and flexibility-factor is significant. (2) There are no significant relations between the DPH,and BMI and age. (3) The living conditions as the irritation by the mental stress and eating before asleep or the social contribution and the physical activities have an influence on the DPH.3. (1) The living conditions as health-conditions, activities of daily living and food habits influence on FPF as a composite factor. (2) The elements of exercise habit, the existence of the trouble caused by past disease and injury, bedtime and age have greater influence on the decline of FPF.(3) FPF shows a decreasing trend with age, but the continuous exercise enforcement on one day or more a week, seems to be effective in postponing the decline of FPF related to age. (4) The influence of ech living condition to FPF differs in the 60 and 70 age levels. Less