Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep by The Lunar Month

项目摘要 在整个进化和历史过程中，人类通过建造 保护它们免受外部环境影响的人工栖息地。这极大地影响了人类 睡眠，特别是自从电灯普及以来。这种隔离和睡眠模式改变的关键是 操纵人造光并将活动扩展到夜间的能力。我们实验室最近的一项研究发现， 睡眠的时间在整个月亮周期中会发生变化， 直到满月。令人惊讶的是，我们发现这种月球周期调制不仅在农村，而且在城市环境中。 睡眠是由两个同时发生的过程控制的：生物钟决定最佳睡眠时间 在整个24小时周期中，当我们保持清醒时，睡眠的自我平衡驱动力会增加。这两个过程联合收割机 来确定人类夜间睡眠的自然模式本项目旨在确定这两个 调节睡眠的机制在整个月亮周期中受到影响，从而延迟和缩短夜间睡眠 在满月之前。我们将结合联合收割机的睡眠和睡眠实验室策略的纵向领域记录，以解决 遵循两个目标： 具体目标1：评估多巴/库姆社区月亮周期相对相位的昼夜节律相位。我们将 在阿根廷北方的农村和城市土著多巴/库姆社区进行纵向睡眠监测。在 个人与强大的月球模式，我们将评估阶段的昏暗光褪黑激素发作（DLMO），黄金- 在满月和新月之前的日子里，这是确定人类昼夜节律的标准。我们的假设是 生物钟的相位在月球周期中被调制，并预测DLMO相位将是 相对于新月前的日子，满月前的日子推迟了。 具体目标2：评估昼夜节律阶段，以及睡眠的昼夜节律和稳态调节， 月亮周期在一个高度城市化的社区。我们已经证实，这种月球调制即使在 在工业化社会中，人造光在晚上统治着满月的光。我们将放映西雅图 参与者通过纵向睡眠监测，并选择那些最强大的月球节奏参与 在月亮周期的相反相位进行两次睡眠实验室访问。我们会用多导睡眠图记录清醒和睡眠 记录，以及一个恒定的例行协议，以研究潜在的月球每月变化的昼夜节律阶段， 睡眠剥夺后睡眠的自我平衡调节。 月亮是否会影响睡眠，几十年来一直是一个备受争议的问题。我们最近的研究表明 在真实的生活条件下，睡眠模式在月亮周期中以一种非常可预测的方式变化， 在不同的环境和不同的人群中。该项目旨在阐明这一机制， 这将进一步加深我们对人类睡眠调节及其对健康和 疾病

PROJECT SUMMARY Throughout evolution and history humans have progressively isolated themselves from the natural cycles by building artificial habitats that shield them from the external environment. This has vastly affected when and how much humans sleep, especially since the near universalization of electric light. The key to this isolation and change in sleep patterns is the ability to manipulate artificial light and extend activity into the nighttime. A recent study from our laboratory found that the timing of sleep changes across the moon cycle, with later and shorter events of night sleep on the nights leading up to the full moon. Surprisingly, we found this lunar cycle modulation not only in rural but also in urban environments. Sleep is controlled by two simultaneous processes: the circadian clock determines the optimal times for sleep throughout the 24-h cycle while the homeostatic drive for sleep increases as we stay awake. The two processes combine to determine the natural human patterns of night sleep. This project aims to determine which of these two mechanisms that regulate sleep is affected throughout the moon cycle to delay and shorten sleep on the nights before full moon. We will combine longitudinal field recordings of sleep and sleep laboratory strategies to address the following two aims: Specific Aim 1: Assess circadian phase at opposite phases of the moon cycle in Toba/Qom communities. We will conduct longitudinal monitoring of sleep in rural and urban native Toba/Qom communities in northern Argentina. In individuals with robust lunar patterns we will assess the phase of the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), the gold- standard for determining circadian phase in humans, in the days leading to the full and new moons. Our hypothesis is that the phase of the circadian clock is modulated across the moon cycle, and predicts that the DLMO phase will be delayed on the days preceding the full moon relative to the pre-new moon days. Specific Aim 2: Assess circadian phase, and circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep at opposite phases of the moon cycle in a highly urbanized community. We have already confirmed that this lunar modulation is present even in industrialized societies, where artificial light during the evening reigns over the full moon’s light. We will screen Seattle participants through longitudinal sleep monitoring and select those with the most robust lunar rhythms to participate in sleep laboratory visits twice at the opposite phases of the moon cycle. We will use polysomnographic wake and sleep recordings, as well as a constant routine protocol to study the potential lunar monthly change in circadian phase and in the homeostatic regulation of sleep after sleep deprivation. Whether the moon can affect sleep has been a matter of high controversy for decades. Our recent work demonstrated that sleep patterns vary across the moon cycle in a very predictable manner in real life conditions, in very different populations and under different environments. This project aims to shed light on the mechanisms through which this modulation occurs, which will further our understanding of the regulation of human sleep, and its impact on health and disease.