Couples lived (in)equalities at work and home

夫妻在工作和家庭中生活平等

• 批准号: 529066064
• 负责人: Dr. Anna M. Stertz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Psychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/529066064?language=en
• 关键词: Couples; lived; equalities; work; home

In most industrialized countries, including France and Germany, dual-earner couples are the norm. Nevertheless, gender differences in income persist, and women's relative time investment in unpaid household work has remained significantly higher. Economic and psychological research often assumes that career decisions and the relative amount of time spent in the work and non-work spheres are individual choices. From a systemic perspective, however, it is likely that couples influence each other's decisions. Gendered norms experienced at home or work might thus crossover on partners and reinforce gendered cultural practices. In this research program, we draw on theories from economics and psychology to examine household decisions and behaviors by couples to better understand how and why (in)equality occurs and persists. First, we will focus on career expectations and labor market participation. We will examine the extent to which beliefs about the other partner’s income opportunities and risk aversion are accurate, and whether more gendered beliefs lead to less efficient time allocation. In addition, we will examine how in particular male partners' career orientation affects female partners' career expectations. Second, we will focus on how potentially strenuous labor market experiences of one partner affects partners. We will examine how work-related exhaustion crosses over to the partner, and explore if mutual support provision is affected by traditional role attitudes. We will further examine how individuals take into account their partner's income (in)stability when making their own labor decisions and whether these effects are symmetric for men and women. Third, we will study work-related and family-related cultural norms and how these are enacted. In particular, we will focus on how discouragement by mothers of fathers' childcare activities at home can set in motion dysfunctional cycles of disengagement. We will finally study whether the persistence of gender norms depends on the life domain they refer to (work, family) and couples’ country of residence. Methodologically, the research program combines experimental laboratory approaches, daily and weekly diary surveys as well as longitudinal questionnaires and interview studies. In all parts of the project, we adopt a true dyadic perspective by examining the behavior and experiences of actual cohabiting couples.

在大多数工业化国家，包括法国和德国，双职工夫妇是常态。尽管如此，收入方面的性别差异依然存在，妇女在无报酬家务劳动方面投入的时间相对较高。经济学和心理学研究通常假设，职业决定以及在工作和非工作领域花费的相对时间是个人的选择。然而，从系统的角度来看，夫妻很可能会影响对方的决定。因此，在家庭或工作中经历的性别规范可能会影响到伴侣，并加强性别文化习俗。在这项研究计划中，我们借鉴了经济学和心理学的理论来研究夫妻的家庭决策和行为，以更好地了解平等是如何以及为什么会发生和持续。首先，我们将关注职业期望和劳动力市场参与。我们将研究在何种程度上的信念对其他合作伙伴的收入机会和风险规避是准确的，以及是否更多的性别信念导致效率较低的时间分配。此外，我们还将研究男性伴侣的职业取向如何影响女性伴侣的职业期望。其次，我们将重点关注一方的潜在艰苦劳动力市场经验如何影响另一方。我们将研究如何与工作相关的疲惫跨越到合作伙伴，并探讨是否相互支持的提供是传统的角色态度的影响。我们将进一步研究个人在做出自己的劳动决策时如何考虑伴侣的收入稳定性，以及这些影响对男性和女性是否对称。第三，我们将研究与工作和家庭有关的文化规范以及如何制定这些规范。特别是，我们将重点关注母亲对父亲在家照顾孩子的行为的劝阻如何会引发不正常的脱离接触循环。最后，我们将研究性别规范的持久性是否取决于它们所指的生活领域（工作、家庭）和夫妇的居住国。在方法上，研究计划结合了实验室方法，每日和每周日记调查以及纵向问卷和访谈研究。在项目的所有部分，我们通过检查实际同居夫妇的行为和经历，采用了真正的二元视角。