Analysis of food conditions of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) for its conservation

对青森县下田半岛进行的研究结果如下。研究(3)是在山形县的下田和朝日进行的。(1)通过对摄食行为的直接观察，定量分析了日本雪鲈全年的摄食情况。它们以114种植物和1种真菌为食。对16686个咬痕的分析表明，秋蛾主要以落叶阔叶树的叶片和树枝为食，占秋蛾食性的54.8% ~ 58.3%，占秋蛾食性的94.5% ~ 95%。其次是牧草，春季至秋季为16.5 ~ 39.1%。(2)饲粮和粪便氮含量具有明显的季节变化。春、秋季饲粮粗蛋白质含量为15.8 ~ 20.9%，满足野生反刍动物最大生长所需的饲粮蛋白质。冬季饲粮粗蛋白质含量为7.8%，满足野生反刍动物对饲粮蛋白质的维持需求。(3)雌成虫的平均领地面积为10。下田5公顷，朝日30.9公顷。冬季，旭硝子的食物可得性为下木田的66.1%，领地大小与食物可得性呈负相关。(4)对领地占位者24年的观察表明，领地大小与成虫密度呈负相关。在日本，食物供应通过影响领地大小来缓慢地控制成虫密度。(5) 1999年建立实验围栏（2m × 2m， 5个样地），记录了2年的灌木覆盖变化。研究了采雪对伞叶伞苗生长、芽数和芽层的影响。

Results of research conducted on the Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori Prefecture, are as follows. Research (3) was conducted in Shimokita and Asahi, Yamagata Prefecture.(1) Dlet of the Japanese serow was analysed quantitatively throughout the year by direct observation of feeding behavior. Serows fed on 114 plants species and one species of fungus. Analyses of 16,686 bites indicated that serows fed mainly on leaves and twigs of deciduous broad-leaved trees, which formed 54.8-58.3% of the diet in autumn and 94.5-95.O% in winter, followed by forbs (16.5-39.1% from spring to autumn).(2)Dietary and fecal nitrogen content showed a clear seasonal change. Dietary crude protein content was 15.8-20.9% between spring and autumn, which satisfied the dietary protein requirements for maximum growth for wild ruminants. Dietary crude protein content was 7.8% in winter, which satisfied the dietary protein requirernents for maintenance for wild ruminants.(3)Mean territory size of female adults were 1O.5 ha in Shimokita and 30.9 ha in Asahi. Winter food availability in Asahi was 66.1% of that in Shimokita, and territory size was negatively correlated with food availability. Fecal nitrogen content in the two areas showed(4)Observations of territory holders individually identified over 24 years indicated that territory size was negatively correlated with adult density. It is strongly suggested that food availability controls adult density in the Japanese serowby influencing territory size.(5)Experimental enclosures (2m x 2m, 5plots)wereestablished in 1999, and changes in shrub cover have been recorded for 2.years. Influences of serow feeding were noticed on growth in height, number of buds, and stratification of buds of Lindera umbellata var. membranacea.