Analysis of food conditions of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) for its conservation

在青森县下北半岛进行的研究结果如下。研究（3）在山形县下北和朝日进行。(1)通过直接观察饲养行为，全年定量分析了日本大羊驼的饮食。饲养了114种植物和1种真菌。对16,686次叮咬的分析表明，长尾雉主要以落叶阔叶树的枝叶为食，秋季占54.8-58.3%，冬季占94.5- 95.0%，其次为杂类草（春至秋季占16.5-39.1%）。（2）日粮和粪氮含量呈现明显的季节性变化。春、秋季粗蛋白质含量在15.8-20.9%之间，可以满足野生反刍动物最大生长期的蛋白质需要。冬季粗蛋白质含量为7.8%，可满足野生反刍动物维持营养的需要。（3）下北雌成虫的平均领地面积为10.5ha，朝日为30.9ha。旭市冬季食物供应量是下北市的66.1%，领土大小与食物供应量呈负相关。两个地区的粪便氮含量表明：（4）24年来对领地持有者的观察表明，领地大小与成虫密度呈负相关。这是强烈建议，食物供应控制成年密度在日本serowby影响领土大小。（5）1999年建立了5个样地（2 m × 2 m）的实验围栏，记录了2.5年来灌木覆盖度的变化。结果表明，灌草对伞形乌药的高生长、芽数和芽的层积有影响。膜囊

Results of research conducted on the Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori Prefecture, are as follows. Research (3) was conducted in Shimokita and Asahi, Yamagata Prefecture.(1) Dlet of the Japanese serow was analysed quantitatively throughout the year by direct observation of feeding behavior. Serows fed on 114 plants species and one species of fungus. Analyses of 16,686 bites indicated that serows fed mainly on leaves and twigs of deciduous broad-leaved trees, which formed 54.8-58.3% of the diet in autumn and 94.5-95.O% in winter, followed by forbs (16.5-39.1% from spring to autumn).(2)Dietary and fecal nitrogen content showed a clear seasonal change. Dietary crude protein content was 15.8-20.9% between spring and autumn, which satisfied the dietary protein requirements for maximum growth for wild ruminants. Dietary crude protein content was 7.8% in winter, which satisfied the dietary protein requirernents for maintenance for wild ruminants.(3)Mean territory size of female adults were 1O.5 ha in Shimokita and 30.9 ha in Asahi. Winter food availability in Asahi was 66.1% of that in Shimokita, and territory size was negatively correlated with food availability. Fecal nitrogen content in the two areas showed(4)Observations of territory holders individually identified over 24 years indicated that territory size was negatively correlated with adult density. It is strongly suggested that food availability controls adult density in the Japanese serowby influencing territory size.(5)Experimental enclosures (2m x 2m, 5plots)wereestablished in 1999, and changes in shrub cover have been recorded for 2.years. Influences of serow feeding were noticed on growth in height, number of buds, and stratification of buds of Lindera umbellata var. membranacea.