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Physiolozical role and biosynthesis of D-aminoacids in eukanyote

D-氨基酸在真核生物中的生理作用和生物合成

基本信息

批准号：
10680607
负责人：
YOSHIMURA Tohru
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680607/
关键词：
D-aminoacid D-serine D-alanine racemase 分裂酵母カイコ真核細胞

项目摘要

D-Amino acids are indispensable for eubacteria as components of the peptidoglycans of their cell walls. Although several D-amino acids were found as components of opioid-like peptides and antibiotics such as cyclosporin A, little attention has been paid to the physiological function of D-amino acid in eukaryotes.However, recent advances in analytical techniques have enabled the demonstration of D-amino acid in various animals including mammals. In this work, we have studied the enzymes which are involved in the D-amino acid biosynthesis in eukaryote. We found that pyridoxal phosphate-dependent serine racemase occurs in the insect. The enzyme was partially purified from pupae of silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its properties were studied. This is the first report of the occurrence of serine racemase in eukaryotes producing D-serine. We partially purified and characterizde the alanine racemase from the hepatopancreas of the black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon. The enzyme was immunochemically distinguished from alanine racemase from bacteria. We found that monovalent anions are involved in the regulation of the black tiger enzyme. It is compatible with the speculation that D-alanine is involved in the osmotic stress response in several marine and euryhaline invertebrates[9-14]. We also studied the reaction mechanism of alanine racemase from thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus stearothermophilus.

D-氨基酸作为真细菌细胞壁肽聚糖的组成部分，是真细菌不可或缺的。虽然有几种D-氨基酸被发现是阿片样肽和抗生素如环孢菌素A的组成部分，但D-氨基酸在真核生物中的生理功能很少受到关注，然而，最近的分析技术的进步使得D-氨基酸在包括哺乳动物在内的各种动物中的证实成为可能。本论文对真核生物中参与D-氨基酸生物合成的酶进行了研究。我们发现吡哆醛磷酸依赖的丝氨酸消旋酶发生在昆虫。从家蚕蛹中部分纯化了该酶，并对其性质进行了研究。这是第一次在真核生物中发现丝氨酸消旋酶。从斑节对虾肝胰腺中分离纯化了丙氨酸消旋酶，并对其性质进行了初步研究。该酶是从丙氨酸消旋酶从细菌免疫化学区分。我们发现单价阴离子参与了黑虎酶的调节。这与D-丙氨酸参与几种海洋和广盐性无脊椎动物的渗透胁迫反应的推测是一致的[9-14]。本文还研究了嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌丙氨酸消旋酶的反应机理。