Structure and Evolution of Clusters of Galaxies by X-Ray Observations

X 射线观测星系团的结构和演化

• 批准号: 07102007
• 负责人: YAMASHITA Koujun
• 金额: $ 302.4万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07102007/
• 关键词: Cluster of galaxies; X-ray spectrum; Plasma temperature; Iron emission lines; Elemental abundance; Hard X-ray telescope; Multilayer supermirror; Balloon observation; Cluster of Galaxies; X-Ray Imaging; X-Ray Spectrum; The Hubble Constant; Plas

(1) Ovservatios of clusters of galaxiesX-ray images and spactra of nearly 300 clusters of galaxies observed by ASCA and XMM-Newton were analyzed to investigate their structure and evolution. Intensity ratios of two energy bands in 0.7-10keV and iron lines to continuum component are derived to construct maps of hardness ratio and equivalent width of iron lines over a whole cluster. Referring to these maps, plasma temperature and iron abundance are obtained in selected regions by spectral analysis. It turned out that cluster merging would produce large hot regions with Mpc scale, whereas gravitational infalling of group of galaxies to the main body of clusters forms patchy cool regions with a few kpc scale in the ouetr envelope of a cluster. However distribution of iron abundance could not coincide to that of plasmatemperature. This is the problem to be investigated further.(2) Development of hard X-ray telescopeA Pt/C multilayer supermirror hard X-ray telescope was constructed by establishing the mass production system. The first hard X-ray imaging observation of Cyg X-1 was successfully carried out by a balloon flight on board this telescope under the collaboration of Nagoya University and NASA/GSFC (InFOCμS project). All instruments were safely recovered, so that the second flight is scheduleed on September, 2003. In order to improve the quality of telescopes and production efficiency of multilayer supermirrors, multilayer replica mirrors are fablicated by the direct replication method of multilayers on glass mandrel to thin Al-foil substrates. We also developed imaging hard X-ray detectors to completely assemble the telescope system in our laboratory.

(1)通过对ASCA和XMM-Newton观测到的近300个星系团的X射线图像和空间的分析，探讨了星系团的结构和演化。导出了0.7- 10 keV两个能带的强度比和铁谱线与连续谱分量的强度比，构造了整个团簇上铁谱线的硬度比和等效宽度图。参考这些地图，等离子体温度和铁丰度在选定的区域通过光谱分析。结果表明，星系团合并会产生Mpc尺度的大热区，而星系团对星系团主体的引力下落则会在星系团外包络线中形成几kpc尺度的斑块状冷区。但铁丰度的分布与等离子体温度的分布并不一致。这是有待进一步研究的问题。(2)硬X射线望远镜的研制通过建立批量生产系统，研制了一台Pt/C多层膜超反射镜硬X射线望远镜。在名古屋大学和NASA/GSFC（InFOCμS项目）的合作下，利用该望远镜上的气球飞行成功地对天鹅座X-1进行了首次硬X射线成像观测。所有的仪器都被安全回收，因此第二次飞行被安排在2003年9月。为了提高望远镜的质量和多层超反射镜的生产效率，采用玻璃芯模直接复制多层膜到薄铝箔衬底上的方法制备多层复型镜。我们还开发了成像硬X射线探测器，以便在我们的实验室中完全组装望远镜系统。

项目成果

Y.Namba, J.Yu, J.M.Bennett, K.Yamashita: "Modeling and measurements of atomic surface roughness"Appl.Opt.. 39. 2705-2718 (2000)

Y.Namba、J.Yu、J.M.Bennett、K.Yamashita：“原子表面粗糙度的建模和测量”Appl.Opt.. 39. 2705-2718 (2000)

G.S. Lodha, K. Yamashita, Y. Namba et al.: "Effect of surface roughness and surface damage on grazing-incidence x-ray scattering and specular reflectance" Applied Optics. 37・22. 5239-5252 (1998)

G.S. Lodha、K. Yamashita、Y. Namba 等：“表面粗糙度和表面损伤对掠入射 X 射线散射和镜面反射的影响”应用光学 37・22 (1998)。

Y.Ogasaka, Y.Tawara, K.Yamashita, H.Kunieda, Y.Namba et al.: "Supermirror hard x-ray telescope and the results of first observation flight of InFOCμS"Proc.SPIE "X-ray and Gamma-ray Telescopes and Instruments for Astronomy". 4851. 619-630 (2003)

Y.Ogasaka、Y.Tawara、K.Yamashita、H.Kunieda、Y.Namba 等：“Supermirror硬X射线望远镜和InFOCμS首次观测飞行的结果”Proc.SPIE“X射线和Gamma-射线望远镜和天文学仪器”。4851. 619-630 (2003)

Y.Tawara, K.Yamashita, H.Kunieda et al.: "A hard X-ray telescope with multilayered supermirrors for balloon observations of cosmic X-ray sources"Advances in Space Research. 30. 1313-1319 (2002)

Y.Tawara、K.Yamashita、H.Kunieda 等人：“带有多层超级镜的硬 X 射线望远镜，用于宇宙 X 射线源的气球观测”空间研究进展。

A.Furuzawa, Y.Tawara, H.Kunieda, K.Yamashita et al.: "ASCA Observations of the Distant Cluster CLOO16+16 and Implication for H_θ" Astrophys.J.(in press). (1998)

A.Furuzawa、Y.Tawara、H.Kunieda、K.Yamashita 等人：“遥远星团 CLOO16+16 的 ASCA 观测及其对 H_θ 的影响”Astrophys.J.（出版中）。