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The 20th Century Eugenics and Its Influence on the Existence, Life, and Education of the People with Disabilities

20世纪优生学及其对残疾人生存、生活、教育的影响

基本信息

批准号：
11301009
负责人：
NAKAMURA Makio
金额：
$ 17.86万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11301009/
关键词：
Eugenics Sterilization Mental Retardation United States of America Europe Soviet Union Japan Developing Countries ドイツスウェーデンフランス

项目摘要

The eugenics was accepted by both the great powers in the western countries and the underdeveloped countries early in the 20th century. That is why each nation state that was put on the environment at home and abroad stood in need of eugenics and would aim at racial improvement as solution of its problem. These countries adopted negative eugenics rather than positive eugenics. Eugenic sterilization as principal measures of negative eugenics selected the feeble-minded and the mentally ill as main target to stamp out the socially unfit. But eugenic sterilization for the institutional mental handicapped persons converted to the selective sterilization for the adjustable persons selected from the discharged, because the feeble-minded became to be perceived their social adaptability in the community who had childless family and was allowed their sexuality. In this process both the feeble-minded and their behavior won normalcy in the community life not the institution.It was the supportive elements such as the Protestant and the rising sciences of sociology, psychology and psychiatry and the social requirement to cheap labor that depended upon the acceptance of eugenics in the nation and locality. U. S.A. , Britain, Germany, the northern Europe, some colonies, some undeveloped countries and some states of the U. S. such as California and Virginia had them while France and some states of the U. S. such as Massachusetts and New York had objected to sterilization religiously, legally, and socially.Eugenics has survived in the end of 20th century as the New Eugenics. Its scene was divided into the reproductive technology, prevention of incidence of disabilities and population control in the developing countries and among the social low class.

早在世纪，优生学就被西方大国和不发达国家所接受。这就是为什么每一个民族国家，是放在环境在国内外站在优生学的需要，并将旨在种族改善作为解决其问题。这些国家采用消极优生学而不是积极优生学。优生绝育作为负优生学的主要措施，选择智力低下和精神病患者作为淘汰不适应社会的主要对象。但对机构性智障者的优生绝育转变为对从出院者中选择的可适应者的选择性绝育，因为智障者在社区中的社会适应性被感知，他们有无子女的家庭，他们的性行为被允许。在这一过程中，弱智者及其行为在社区生活中获得了正常化，而不是在机构中获得了正常化，这是新教和新兴的社会学、心理学和精神病学等科学以及社会对廉价劳动力的需求等支持因素，这些因素取决于优生学在国家和地方的接受程度。联合S.A.英国、德国、北方欧洲、一些殖民地、一些不发达国家和美国的一些州。S.例如加州和弗吉尼亚州有，而法国和美国的一些州有。S.美国马萨诸塞州和纽约等地从宗教、法律和社会等方面反对绝育，优生学在世纪末以新优生学的名义存在。它的场景分为生殖技术，预防残疾发生率和人口控制在发展中国家和社会底层之间。