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COGNITIVE SCIENCE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW THAT CRITICIZES PSYCHOLOGISM

从批判心理学的角度看认知科学

基本信息

批准号：
11610012
负责人：
SATO Hideaki
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
CHUOGAKUIN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610012/
关键词：
Criticism of Psyhologism Phenomenology Cognitive Science

项目摘要

The term 'Psychologism' was first used in 1866. In Gurndris der Geschichte der Philosophie, Johan Eduard Erdmann used this term for the philosophy of Friedrich Eduard Beneke. From the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century 'logical psychologism' was a matter of controversy. Gottlob Frege remained resolutely antipsychological throughout his career. The psychological logicians assumed that what is not real must be subjective. But Frege denies this. He started from the assumption that 'a third realm of objective entities' exists. Numbers and concepts are members of the third realm. This nonphysical objectivity is the same for all rational being, for all who are capable of grasping it. In mathematics and logic, we can find the intersubjective agreements. The objective realm depends on this possibility of agreements. In other words, it depends on 'reason'. But Frege never spoke of 'philosophy of reason'.On the other hand, it is the general view that Edmund Husserl took a psychological position in his Philosophie der Arithmetik and changes the standpoint in Logische Untersuchungen in response to Frege's criticism. After that he developed his phenomenology. But from a different viewpoint Husserl's investigation had to change corresponding his philosophical position to psychology and logic. His philosophical theory steadily developed the theory presented before Logische Untersuchungen. Whereas the former view is oriented to the content of philosophical theory, the later one is oriented the relation between philosophy and psychology. So on the surface both seem to be contradictory. Husserl developed his theory through changing the position to psychology.

“心理学”一词于 1866 年首次使用。在《Gurndris der Geschichte der Philosophie》中，约翰·爱德华·埃德曼 (Johan Eduard Erdmann) 使用该术语来表示弗里德里希·爱德华·贝内克 (Friedrich Eduard Beneke) 的哲学。从十九世纪末到二十世纪初，“逻辑心理主义”一直是一个有争议的问题。戈特洛布·弗雷格在他的整个职业生涯中始终保持着坚决的反心理学态度。心理逻辑学家认为，不真实的东西一定是主观的。但弗雷格否认了这一点。他从存在“客观实体的第三个领域”的假设开始。数字和概念是第三领域的成员。这种非物理的客观性对于所有理性存在、对于所有有能力掌握它的人来说都是一样的。在数学和逻辑中，我们可以找到主体间的一致性。客观领域取决于达成协议的可能性。换句话说，这取决于“理由”。但弗雷格从未谈到“理性哲学”。另一方面，人们普遍认为胡塞尔在《算术哲学》中采取了心理学立场，并在《逻辑研究》中改变了立场，以回应弗雷格的批评。此后他发展了他的现象学。但从不同的角度来看，胡塞尔的研究不得不改变他对心理学和逻辑学的哲学立场。他的哲学理论稳步发展了《Logische Untersuchungen》之前提出的理论。前一种观点以哲学理论的内容为导向，而后一种观点则以哲学与心理学的关系为导向。所以从表面上看两者似乎是矛盾的。胡塞尔通过将立场转向心理学来发展他的理论。