A BASIC RESEARCH FOR THE PHILOSOPHICAL EXCHANGE OF SCHOLOR-OFFICIAL CLASS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SOUTHERN SONG

本研究旨在再现南宋中期各道学流派交流的真实情况。为了实现这个计划，我在过去三年中收集了许多材料，并提取了许多思想家及其同事和追随者的材料。尤其是吕祖谦学派的发展，他将各个道学学派的核心人物联系在一起。我想通过观察他们的历史，直到朱Xi去世后的南宋晚期，来总结结论。程氏兄弟的哲学在北方晚期，这个新的政治集团控制的时代，至南宋初期秦桧时期，与道学有关的精英人物被排除在外。在这一时期，他们的哲学被引导为地方士大夫阶层和中央政府（小学、中学）自我训练的手段。 ...更多信息 程氏兄弟的第三次传输）。秦桧政权结束后，道学被接受为一种社会适用的哲学，它通过关注考试制度中所表达的个人与社会的关系，可以回答士的各种问题。因此，道学得到了推广，并由此获得了在全国范围内传播的基础（吕祖谦网络）。此外，道学的话语和条款不仅被那些打算离开当地的人所接受，而且也被所有精英阶层所接受，以便他们可以支持他们的灵性（朱Xi和他死后）。南宋中期以后的道学，从广义上说，从直接参与科举考试的精英阶层，扩展到不参与科举考试的精英阶层，从而使地方文人产生了建构社会秩序的意识，而道学哲学则是这种意识的创造工具。因此，中央政府除了已经拥有的自上而下的权力之外，还从下而上和地方获得了监管权。最后，笔者认为，这种形成性的力量，正是道学运动对宋代社会的终极价值所在。少

The aim of this research is to reproduce the actual occasions of the exchanges of the various Daoxue school in the middle of Southern Song. In order to carry out this plan, I collected in the past three years many materials, and extracted materials of many thinkers and their associates and followers. Particularly I analyzed the development of the school of Lu Zuqian who linked together the central figure of the various Daoxue schools.I would like to summarize the conclusion by looking at their history up to the late Southern Song after Zhu Xi's death.The philosophy of the Cheng brothers survived through the late Northern Song, an era controlled by this new political group, and into the early Southern Song in the time of Qin Hui when all the elites associated with the Daoxue were excluded. Through this period, their philosophy was directed to serve as a means for self-training by Scholar-official class (shi) in local areas, as well as by those in the central government (primary, seconda … More ry and third transmission of the Cheng brothers). After the conclusion of the Qin Hui government, Daoxue was accepted as a socially applicable philosophy that could provide answers to the various problems of the shi by focusing on the relationship between the individual and the society as expressed in the examination system. As a result, Daoxue was promoted and it thereby obtained a foundation for nationwide diffusion (the Lu Zuqian network). Furthermore, the words and terms of Daoxue came to be accepted not only by those who intended to leave their local areas but also by all elite classes in order that they might support their spirituality (Zhu Xi and after the death of him). Daoxue after the middle of the Southern Song, in a broader meaning, expanded from the elite class directly involved with the civil service examination to those who were not.Consequently, literati in the local areas developed awareness in building social orders while the Daoxue philosophy functioned as a creative tool for such awareness. Thus, the central government gained regulating power from below and from local regions in addition to the top-down authority it already had. In conclusion, I suggest that such formative power was the ultimate value of the Daoxue movement for the Song society. Less