RECONSIDERING THE CATEGORIZATION OF THE BUDDHIST CANONICAL SCRIPTURE IN INDIA

重新考虑印度佛教经典的分类

• 批准号: 11610019
• 负责人: SHIMODA Masahiro
• 金额: $ 1.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610019/
• 关键词: Buddhism in India; Categorization of Buddhist Scriptures; Modern Buddhist Studies; Tripitaka; Mahayana; Hinayana; Mahayana Mahaparinirvanasutra; Saddharmapundarikasutra; Buddhology; プッダ研究; パーリ註釈文献; 大乗経典; atmadhyasaya; paradhyasaya; prcchavas

This research has its main focus on the reconsideration of the traditional ways of classification of Buddhist saiptures in India represented by the terms of "Tripitaka" and "Mahayana/Hinayana, " which have at the same time been functioning as a framework for the Buddhist studies. This investigation has been performed with the methods of a comparative study of the scriptures belonging to traditional Buddhism with those of mahayana Buddhism such as the Saddharmapundarka or Mahaparinirvana, based on the result obtained from critical analysis of the methodologies of modern Buddhist studies. The results of this research are :(1) Given that we are provided with the only materials which are the products by the attempts of "canonization, " one-sided selection and compilation of saaed scriptures, we must be careful in using any of the extant scriptures as materials by which to reconstruct the historical reality. The materials of the Southern tradition reflects more institutional factors as compared with those of the Northern tradition which are much more colored with idealistic elements separated from institution.(2) As the existing materials go, there is no difference between the images of the Buddha that appear in the scriptures of traditional Buddhism and in those of Mahayana Buddhism ; both of them are more or less "deified" or "mythologized." The scholars of modern Buddhist studies have been showing a tendency to extremely overvalue the investigation of "the historical Buddha" in canonical scriptures. As an ideal example for reconsidering this issue, this research illustrates the common structure underlying both the story of "the lord Brahman's request for the Buddha's first sermon" and "the upayakausalya chapter of the Lotus Sutra, " the former belonging to the Hinayana tradition whereas the latter to Mahayana.

本研究的主要焦点是重新思考以“大藏经”和“大乘/小乘“为代表的印度佛教经典的传统分类方法，这些方法同时也是佛教研究的框架。这项研究是在批判性分析现代佛教研究方法的基础上，采用传统佛教经典与大乘佛教经典（如Saddharmapundarka或Mahaparinalka）的比较研究方法进行的。本研究的结果是：（1）鉴于我们所拥有的唯一资料是“经典化”、片面选择和编纂圣典的尝试的产物，我们必须谨慎地使用任何现存的圣典作为重建历史真实的材料。与北方传统的材料相比，南方传统的材料更多地反映了制度因素，而北方传统的材料则更多地带有与制度分离的理想主义因素。(2)从现有资料看，传统佛教经典中的佛像与大乘佛教经典中的佛像并无区别，都或多或少地被“神化”或“神话化”了。现代佛学研究者对正典中的“历史佛”的考察，有一种极端高估的倾向。作为重新思考这一问题的一个理想的例子，本研究说明了“梵天主请求佛陀的第一次布道”和“法华经的upayakausalya章”的故事背后的共同结构，前者属于小乘传统，而后者属于大乘。

项目成果

下田正弘: "江島惠教博士追悼論集・空と実在"江島惠教博士追悼論集刊行会. 648 (2000)

下田正宏：《江岛庆典博士纪念论文：天空与现实》江岛庆典博士纪念论文出版 648 (2000)。

下田正弘: "仏教における善悪の超越-初期仏教経典から"季刊・仏教. 50. 158-165 (2000)

Masahiro Shimoda：“佛教中善恶的超越 - 来自早期佛教经典”《佛教季刊》50。158-165（2000）。

Masahiro SHIMODA: "The Current Status and Prospect of the Buddhist Studies"Quarterly Journal of the Study for World Religions (Beijing). #80. 147-150 (2000)

下田正宏：《佛教研究的现状与展望》世界宗教研究季刊（北京）。

Masahiro SHIMODA: "Transcending the Right and Wrong : An Essay for Early Buddhist Ethics"Kikan Bukkyo (Kyoto). #50. 158-165 (2000)

Masahiro SHIMODA：“超越是非：早期佛教伦理的论文”Kikan Bukkyo（京都）。

Masahiro SHIMODA: "The Mahayana Mahaparinirvanasutra as a Commentary"Abhidharma and Indian Thought, Essays in Honor of Prof. Dr. Junsho Kato on His Sixtieth Birthday. 327-340 (2000)

下田正弘：《大乘大般涅槃经注释》阿毗达摩与印度思想，纪念加藤纯昭教授六十寿辰的论文集。