Attachment from infancy to early adulthood : Continuity, predictability and their correlates

本论文的主要目的是检验传统依恋理论中关于依恋在人类发展中的两个关键假设的有效性：（1）依恋质量从婴儿期到成年期的连续性;（2）依恋在未来发展中的可预测性。研究1由五篇论文组成，研究了与这些关键假设相关的理论问题。研究2使用纵向数据检验连续性假设。在最初的60人队列中，28名年龄在19 ~ 20岁的年轻人同意接受AAI的单独访谈，以了解他们目前的依恋状态。这些年轻人在12个月大时被陌生情境程序分为16种B型、6种C型和6种不一致的C型依恋。几乎所有的参与者都被归类为安全类型，连续性的假设不支持这个数据集。研究3使用相同的数据集检验可预测性假设。研究结果表明，婴儿依恋类型不能预测以后的发展。关键的生活事件，如父母离婚，高中辍学，或在学校的欺凌，没有直接关系到他们的依恋类型的变化，从婴儿期到现在。最后，新出现的主题，为未来的数据集和新的解释的结果的可能性进行了讨论。

The chief aim of this monograph is to examine the validity of two key assumptions of attachment in human development proposed by the traditional attachment theory: (1)continuity of attachment quality from infancy to adulthood ; and (2)predictability of attachment in future development.This monograph comprises three studies. Study 1 consists of five papers that examined theoretical issues related to these key assumptions. Study 2 examines the assumption of continuity using longitudinal data. Of an original cohort of 60, twenty-eight young adults, aged 19 to 20, who had been classified into attachment types by the Strange Situation Procedure when they were 12 months old and had consisted of 16 B-types, six C-types and six Inconsistent-C-types, agreed to be individually interviewed as to their present state of attachment by the AAI. Almost all of the participants were classified into secure types, the assumption of continuity was not supported by this data set. Study 3 examines the predictability assumption using the same set of data. Findings indicated that infant attachment type could not predict later development. Critical life events, such as divorce of the parents, high school dropout, or bullying in schools, were not directly related to their changes in attachment types from infancy to the present. Finally, emerging topics for future analysis of the data set and possibilities of new interpretations of the results are discussed.