Justice as a Value : An Integrated Research for Procedural Justice, Outcome Fairness End Social Identification

本研究旨在揭示心理公正、社会认同与群体导向行为之间的关系。本研究由4项研究组成，基于2项关于日本国家政治评价的调查。研究1考察了对国家的认同程度是否影响了两个程序正义标准：关系标准和工具标准的相对权重。结构方程模型（SEM）显示，高识别和低识别的人都只使用关系标准，而中等识别的人都不使用关系标准。研究二探讨了程序正义与认同之间的循环过程，并考察了司法判断、政治权威评价和国家依恋之间的关系。研究3考察了结果公平性对国家认同的影响。结果显示，那些愿意接受负面政治决定的人对自己的国家感到“自豪”。研究4旨在揭示程序公正在群体导向行为中的作用。程序正义模型包括2个标准的正义判断、4种认同（依恋、意识、群体地位、个人地位）和群体导向行为。此外，行为分类使用2个维度：自信和成本。扫描电镜显示，36个模型中有34个模型拟合。结果表明，该模型可以应用于许多群体内的积极行为。依恋是程序公正与帮助他人之间最有效的中介。程序正义判决对政治权威赋能的积极态度具有至关重要的作用。

The research project aimed to reveal the relationship among psychological justice, social identity, and group-oriented behaviors. It consisted of 4 studies that based on 2 surveys concerning Japanese national political evaluation. Study 1 examined whether the degree of identification with the nation affected the relative weight of 2 procedural justice criteria : the relational criterion and the instrumental one. The structural equation modelings (SEM) revealed that both high- and low-identified people only employed the relational criterion, while middle-identified ones used neither of them. Study 2 discussed a recurrent process between procedural justice and identification, and examined the relationship among justice judgment, political authority evaluation and attachment to the nation. Study 3 examined influence of outcome fairness on identification to the nation. The results showed those who willingly accepted negative political decisions had "pride" in their nation. Study 4 aimed to reveal the function of procedural justice in group-oriented behaviors. The procedural justice model consisted of justice judgment with 2 criteria, 4 kinds of identification (attachment, consciousness, group-status, and personal-status), and the group-oriented behaviors. Further, the behaviors ware categorized using 2 dimensions : assertiveness and cost. The SEM revealed 34 models among 36 were fitted. The results showed the model can be applied to many in-group positive behaviors. Attachment was the most efficient mediator between procedural justice and helping for other members. Procedural justice judgment had an essential role in positive attitude for political authority empowerment.