The Revolution of Medical Thoughts and the Development of Medical Sociology in Contemporary America

当代美国医学思想的革命与医学社会学的发展

• 批准号: 11610164
• 负责人: TAKAGI Kazuyoshi
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610164/
• 关键词: Medical Sociology; Revolution of Medical Thoughts; Informed Consent; Right of Self-determination; Bioethics; America

The medical thoughts, has continued since ancient Greece, has received the great revolutionary change at the 70's of American society. People questioned the arbitrary power of doctors and insisted the right of self-determination of patients, not the objects of manipulation by doctors. Then gradually, the shared decision making of doctors and patients was institutionalized, based on the informed consent.The aims of this study are to analyze the real conditions of revolution of medical thoughts, and to make clear the developmental process of medical sociology leading the revolution of medical thoughts. I have tried to elucidate the meanings of academic efforts of the second generation of American medical sociologists, especially Renee C.Fox, Eugine Gallagher, Andrew Twaddle as well as to analyze the Final Report on Studies of the Ethical and Legal Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research by the President's commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 16 vols, 1983. As regard to the conditions of Japan not receiving baptism of medical thoughts revolution, not institutionalized the informed consent, I think we can get the great fruits if we throw the light on American theoretical efforts during the development of medical thoughts revolution.As the results of this study, I can make clear the following points.(1) There appeared a lots of disputes about problems presented by the advanced medical technologies, then developed the interdisciplinary research of philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, sociology, and medical sciences.(2) Among them, medical sociology play the very important roles to criticize the individualistic bias and the absolutization of the right of self-determination of bioethics. On the basis of these results, I would advance to make clear the change of doctors-patients relationship concretely by the field research,

自古希腊延续至今的医学思想，在70年代的美国社会发生了巨大的革命性变化。人们质疑医生的专断权力，坚持病人的自决权，而不是医生操纵的对象。本研究旨在分析医学思想革命的真实的条件，理清医学社会学引领医学思想革命的发展过程。我试图阐明美国第二代医学社会学家，尤其是Renee C.Fox、Eugine Gallagher、Andrew Twaddle的学术努力的意义，并分析总统医学伦理问题研究委员会的《医学、生物医学和行为研究中的伦理和法律的问题研究最终报告》，16卷，1983.针对日本没有接受医学思想革命的洗礼，没有将知情同意制度化的现状，笔者认为，借鉴美国在医学思想革命发展过程中的理论努力，可以取得丰硕的成果。(1)对先进医学技术所带来的问题产生了许多争论，并由此发展了哲学、神学、法学、社会学和医学等多学科的交叉研究。(2)其中，医学社会学在批判生命伦理学的个体主义偏见和生命伦理学自决权绝对化方面发挥了重要作用。在此基础上，笔者提出通过实地调研，具体弄清医患关系的变化，

项目成果

高城和義: "パーソンズのジンメル論"思想. 4月号. -takagi (2000)

Kazuyoshi Takagi：《帕森斯的齐美尔理论》思想 -takagi (2000)。

高城和義: "パーソンズのジンメル論"思想. 910号. 30-55 (2000)

高城和义：“帕森斯的齐美尔理论”思想，第 910 期。30-55 (2000)。

高城和義: "パーソンズと医療社会学"岩波書店. 300 (2001)

高城和义：《帕森斯与医学社会学》岩波书店 300 (2001)。