A Historical Study of Spanish Colonial Manila

西班牙殖民马尼拉的历史研究

• 批准号: 11610375
• 负责人: SUGAYA Nariko
• 金额: $ 1.79万
• 依托单位: Ehime University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610375/
• 关键词: PHILIPPINES; OVERSEAS CHINESE; CHINESE MESTIZOS; MANILA; SPANISH MANILA; SOUTHEAST ASIAN CHINESE; 中国人移民; スペイン領フィリピン; 植民地都市; イントラムロス; パリアン; マニラ・ガレオン貿易; スペイン期フィリピン

Manila, as the capital of the Spanish Philippines; started its history in 1571. By the end of the 16th century Spanish Manila had firmly established itself as one of the most populous and prosperous ports-city in Southeast Asia. The Manila Galleon trade system was the source of wealth for the Spanish colony, which connected Manila with Mexico via the Pacific Ocean. American silver flowed to Manila in exchange for Chinese silk and other luxury. The Chinese merchants and immigrants were attracted to Manila and formed a Chinese community which had the largest population at the beginnings of the 17th century outside China. The Chinese settlers contributed to the growth of Manila in many ways, not only as wholesale merchants, retailers and peddlers, but also as construction engineers and laborers who literally built colonial Manila.This study is part of a larger project of the present author to write a history of Spanish colonial Manila. As the first step toward this goal, the life of Chinese settlers in colonial Manila during 1750-1820 has been examined and illustrated, particularly their economic activities, and relations with Spaniards and other local people. For this, the Spanish manuscripts kept in the several archives in the Philippines, such as protocolos, marriage information, provisor's court records, and customs records, etc., were consulted.The Chinese residents in Manila during 1750-1820 suffered from the Spanish restrictive policy, to name a few, the requirement of the Catholic faith. They nevertheless succeeded in establishing a network of people which covered their hometowns in Fu-jian, the Spanish Philippines, and the Sulu Islands outside the Spanish sphere. The Christian Chinese married legally local women and produced mestizo offspring. The Chinese hand in hand with their mestizo descendants adjusted to the changing colonial environment and continued to support the growth of Spanish colonial Manila.

马尼拉，作为西班牙菲律宾的首都;始于1571年。到16世纪末，西班牙马尼拉已成为东南亚人口最多、最繁荣的港口城市之一。马尼拉大帆船贸易系统是西班牙殖民地的财富来源，通过太平洋将马尼拉与墨西哥连接起来。美国的银流入马尼拉，以换取中国的丝绸和其他奢侈品。华人商人和移民被吸引到马尼拉，形成了世纪初中国以外人口最多的华人社区。华人殖民者在许多方面对马尼拉的发展做出了贡献，他们不仅是批发商、零售商和小贩，还作为建筑工程师和劳工，实际上建造了殖民地马尼拉。本研究是本文作者撰写西班牙殖民马尼拉历史的一个更大项目的一部分。作为实现这一目标的第一步，1750-1820年期间在殖民地马尼拉的中国定居者的生活已经被审查和说明，特别是他们的经济活动，以及与西班牙人和其他当地人的关系。为此，菲律宾几个档案馆保存的西班牙文手稿，如礼宾、婚姻信息、监护人的法庭记录、海关记录等，1750-1820年期间，马尼拉的华人居民遭受了西班牙的限制政策，仅举几例，天主教信仰的要求。然而，他们成功地建立了一个覆盖福建、西属菲律宾和西班牙势力范围以外的苏禄群岛的人的网络。基督教中国人合法地与当地妇女结婚，生下混血后代。华人与他们的混血后裔携手适应不断变化的殖民环境，并继续支持西班牙殖民地马尼拉的发展。

项目成果

Sugaya, Nariko: "The Evolution of Huagiao or 'Overseas Chinese' Settlements in Insular Southeast Asia (in Japanese)"Iwanami-kouza tounan-ajia shi [The Iwanami's History of Southeast Asia]. Vol. 4: Tounan-ajia kinsei kokka-gun no tenkai [The Development of

菅谷成子：“东南亚岛屿花侨或‘华侨’定居点的演变（日语）”Iwanami-kouza tounan-ajia shi [岩波东南亚史]。

Sugaya, Nariko: "The Sulu Maritime World: Spanish Manila and Its China Trade (in Japanese)"Umi no Ajia [Maritime Asia. Vol. 4: Uoreshia to iu sekai [The World of Wallacea]. Iwanami-shoten. 179-208 (2001)

菅谷成子：“苏禄海事世界：西班牙马尼拉及其中国贸易（日语）”Umi no Ajia [亚洲海事。

菅谷成子: "スール-海域世界-スペイン領マニラと中国貿易"ウォーレシアという世界(海のアジア,岩波書店). 4. 179-208 (2001)

Seiko Sugaya：“苏尔 - 海洋世界 - 西班牙马尼拉和中国贸易”华莱士世界（亚洲海，岩波书店）。 4. 179-208 (2001)。

Sugaya, Nariko: "The Spanish Colonial Philippines: Its Beginnings (in Japanese)"Iwanami-kouza tounan-ajia shi [The Iwanami's History of Southeast Asia]. Vol. 3: Tounan-ajia kinsei no seiritsu [The Formation of the Modern Southeast Asian World]. Iwanami-sh

菅谷成子：“西班牙殖民地菲律宾：它的起源（日语）”Iwanami-kouza tounan-ajia shi [岩波东南亚史]。

菅谷成子: "スペイン領フィリピンの成立"東南アジア近世の成立(岩波講座東南アジア史). 3. 121-148 (2001)

Seiko Sugaya：“西班牙菲律宾的建立”早期现代东南亚的建立（岩波东南亚历史讲座）。