James Hogg, J. G. Lockhart, John Wilson and the Formative Years of Blackwood's Magazine

爱丁堡在19世纪初享有并夸耀着其文化的复杂性，可以与辉煌的雅典相提并论。它的典型代表是始于1802年的《爱丁堡评论》。这本辉格党杂志的影响力如此之大，以至于保守党急于建立一个强大的对手。约翰·默里出版的《季度评论》就是一个例子。尽管沃尔特·斯科特支持《季刊》，但它无法与保守党竞争对手相提并论。然后布莱克伍德的《爱丁堡杂志》问世。这项研究主要关注围绕布莱克伍德手稿开始的复杂情况，特别是臭名昭著的《查尔迪手稿》，这份手稿出现在布莱克伍德的第七卷(1817年10月)--实际上是第一卷--中。《手稿》的初稿似乎是由埃特里克牧羊人詹姆斯·霍格写的，但J·G·洛克哈特和约翰·威尔逊对其进行了彻底的修改。这一变化显示了爱丁堡“文化/文化”的城市成熟度与可以被称为古老的苏格兰观点之间的差异。然而，很难解读《手稿》，因为它不仅引用了圣经，更重要的是，引用了与《爱丁堡评论》和布莱克伍德有关的各种形式的真人。这项研究尽可能详细地阐释了文本，并对其进行了有用的注释。洛克哈特和威尔逊所代表的城市观点与霍格所代表的原住民观点之间的冲突可以也应该被理解为反映了高/低文化的二分法；而这一极其有趣的方面在布莱克伍德的一部名为《夜总会》的系列丛书中得到了更清晰的展示，这本杂志非常受欢迎。任务仍然是探索和评估这一系列作品，将其作为解决文化霸权问题的关键。

Edinburgh in the early 19th century enjoyed and boasted of a cultural sophistication that could be compared to that of glorious Athens. It is typically represented by the Edinburgh Review, which started in 1802. This Whig magazine was so influential that the Tories were eager to establish a powerful opponent. The Quarterly Review published by John Murray was one example. Although Walter Scott supported the Quarterly, it could not match the Tory rival. Then came Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. This research focused mainly oh the complicated situation surrounding the beginning of Blackwood's with special reference to the notorious 'Chaldee Manuscript' which appeared in the seventh number (October, 1817) - but actually the first number - of Blackwood's. The first draft of the 'Manuscript' seems to have been written by James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, but J. G. Lockhart and John Wilson changed it drastically. This change shows the difference between the urban sophistication of 'cultural/cultured' Edinburgh and what could be called an old Scottish viewpoint. It is difficult, however, to decipher the 'Manuscript' because it contains a lot of allusions not only to the Bible but, more significantly, to the actual people who were in various forms connected to the Edinburgh Review and Blackwood's. This research elucidated the text as minutely as possible and provided useful annotations to it.The conflict between the urban view represented by Lockhart and Wilson and the sort of native view by Hogg could and should be understood as reflecting the dichotomy of high/low culture ; and this extremely interesting aspect is more clearly shown in a serial called the 'Noctes Ambrosiane' in Blackwood's, which popularized the magazine extremely. The task remains to explore and evaluate this serial as a key to the problematics of cultural hegemony.