THE "BODY" AND THE DISCOURSE IN FRENCH LITERATURE

本研究的主要对象：法国文学中的话语和“身体”，强调个人身份，这是最广义的词。在这里，“话语”被描述为一种维持个人身份的持续发展的话语，而“身体”似乎在某些关键时刻扰乱了这种身份。在这些关键现象中，面具象征着身份的破裂;然而，面具为戴面具的人提供了某种行动的“自由”，因为面具在一段时间内暂停了他的个人身份，能够以另一种方式打开某种可能性。这种身份的悬置，以及由此而产生的自由行动的可能性，也包括意义本身的悬置;而意义只有通过制造另一个面具才能恢复。因此，“现代性”似乎意味着一个面具到另一个面具的这种传递;法国18<th>世纪启蒙思想的理想可以被描述为对人造面具的完善的努力，这就是所谓的文明。这里出现了一个21世纪世纪的关键问题：为了澄清文学的当代性问题，我们把贾科梅蒂和热内作为寻求面具的深层意义和表达的主要艺术家。我们认为，18^<th>世纪法国作家卢梭的孤独主要表现在他的面具无法剥离，因为这种可能性已经被偷走了。从这个意义上说，卢梭生活在一种与我们自己的处境奇怪地相似的处境中。

The main subjet of this research : the discourse and the "body" in French literature, concens the personal identity, and this in the broadest sens of the word. The "discourse" is regaraded here as one that sustains a continuous developpement of the personal identity, which the "body" appears to disturb in some critical moments. In these crtical phenomena, it is masks that symbolise the rupture of an identity ; the masks provide, however, a masked person certain "liberty" to act, as the masks, susupending for some time his personal identity, are able to to open some possibility to act in an another way. This suspenstion of identity, and thus the possibility to act freely, include also a susupention of the meaning itself ; and the meaning can only be restored by making an another mask. So the "modernity" seems to mean this sort of passe of a mask to an another one ; the ideal of the French 18^<th> century enlightenment thought can be discribed as an effort for a perfection of artificial masks, which was called civilisation. Here appears a crucial probleme of the 21th century : in order to clarify the contemporary question of literature, we choosed Giacommetti and Genet as the major artists who seeked the profond meaning and the expressions of mask. We conclude that the solitude of 18^<th> century French writer Jean-Jacques Rousseau consisits mainly in the impossibility to detache his masks, because this possibility is already stolen. In this sens, Rousseau lived in a situation which strangely ressembles to our own situation.