A Study on Spiritual and Linguistic Culture Change of the Ethnic Groups in the Borderland between China and Russia-Tradtion and Its Change in Post-Socialist Period-

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This study aims to invetigate dynamic historical process of recent culture change which had taken place during recent 30 years among the native ethnic groups living in the border areas between China and Russian Far East. We took up the problem of culture change among such ethnic groups as Koreans living in Central Asia (formerly Soviet Union) and China, and Tungus Peoples, for example, Evenks, Oroch ens and Hezhes living in northern part of China.(1) We think it is very important for us to understand how the real drastic cultural, spiritual, and linguistic situations have been changed among above mentioned ethnic groups, especially since 1970th, when market and capitalist oriented economic system was introduced into these formerly socialist and collectivist societies. Moreover cross border exchange activities have influenced their lives.(2) Because huge amounts of Han Chinese population had settled in the nortern part of China, very drastic social change have occured in this region, so that Tungus people's ethnic spiritual and linguistic cultures have almost been lost in China, except few regions.(3) Ethnic Koreans in Central Asia and China although could have maintained their own Korean language, but recently adopted Chinese, Russian and South Korean words have increased, in order to adjust them -selves to its internal or international changing linguistic environments.(4) We also tried to compare the basic characters of folk literature materials collected in different hisorical periods, for example Hezhe epic published in 1930s and 1990s.