Comparative Study of Discourse Structures in Japanese and American Debating

日美辩论话语结构比较研究

• 批准号: 11610561
• 负责人: INOUE Narahiko
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610561/
• 关键词: debate; discourse; communication; argumentation; argument; forensics; speech; J-U.S. comparison; 日本; アメリカ

This research project has reexamined and proposed tentative models of analyzing discourse structures of "Academic Debate"-educational/competitive debate practiced in Japan and the United States. It also involves audio/video recording of those debates as well as transcribing them. The tentative models have been applied to the analysis of those transcribed debates.The data collection was successful in Japanese participants debating in Japanese and English in line with the originally planned number of debates. The number of collected debate speeches was smaller than the original plan for American participants debating in English due to unexpected decline in the participants in targeted debate tournaments.One of the examined frames of analysis is based on the logical structure of arguments (Toulmin's Model). In coding elements of arguments that appear in debate speeches, the decision was based on the intention of the speaker judged by members of the target speech community ("debate community") including the head investigator. A tentative comparison was conducted based on the linear time order of the elements that consist of arguments.In order to pursue more detailed analysis of discourse structures, attempts have been made to apply "Linguistic Approach" of Discourse Analysis to debate speeches. Debate speeches were analyzed in order to establish "moves" and "acts" that specifically characterize discourse structures in debate. These analyses involve determination of temporal and hierarchical relationship of the discourse units in debate speeches. They also involve their interaction (e.g., presentation of argument, proof, question, response, counterargument).Results of the research project will be submitted as conference papers and journal papers, which are currently under preparation.

本研究重新审视并提出了分析日本和美国的“学术辩论”--教育/竞争性辩论的话语结构的尝试性模型。它还涉及对这些辩论进行录音/录像以及转录。实验结果表明，在日本人参加的英语和日语辩论中，数据的收集是成功的，与原计划的辩论次数一致。由于参加有针对性的辩论比赛的人数意外减少，收集到的辩论演讲的数量比美国参加者用英语辩论的原计划少。分析的一个审查框架是基于论点的逻辑结构（图尔敏模型）。在对辩论演讲中出现的论点要素进行编码时，决定是基于由目标演讲社区（“辩论社区”）成员（包括首席调查员）判断的演讲者意图。为了对话语结构进行更细致的分析，本文尝试将话语分析的“语言学方法”应用到辩论演讲中。辩论演讲进行了分析，以建立“动作”和“行为”，具体表征话语结构的辩论。这些分析涉及到辩论演讲中话语单位的时间和层级关系的确定。它们还涉及它们的相互作用（例如，研究项目的结果将以会议论文和期刊论文的形式提交，目前正在编写中。