Research on Medicine, Health, Technology, and Social Overhead Capital

本研究探讨健康、医疗制度、科技与社会间接资本之间的关系。首先，本研究探讨了如何确定一个国家的人民的健康。使用经合组织国家的数据，我发现人均医疗支出不能解释预期寿命。另一方面，我发现人均医药消费、卫生、教育水平和烟草消费的减少都显示出预期寿命的增加。第二，我试图用一种新的方法来估计健康的价值。研究发现，终身消费和社会间接资本可以用来估计健康的价值。第三，研究医疗保险对医疗技术的影响。我以制药业为例。日本的医疗保险导致了医药研发向创新性不足的方向发展。第四，分析医疗技术的国际知识转移。我使用制药技术。通过对专利数据的追踪，我发现知识转移在同一个公司和国家内是有限的。

This study investigates the relationship among health, medical system, technology, and social overhead capital. First this study examines how health of people of a nation is determined. Using data on the OECD countries, I found that life expectancy is not explained by per capita medical expenditure. On the other hand, I found that per capita consumption of pharmaceutical, hygiene, education level, and less tobacco consumption are shown to increase life expectancies.Second, I attempt to estimate the value of health in a new method. I find that life time consumption and social overhead capital can be used to estimate the value of health.Third, I examine the role of medical insurance on medical technology. I use the case of pharmaceutical industry. Japanese medical insurance has led pharmaceutical R＆D toward less innovative products.Fourth, I analyze the international transfer of knowledge in medical technology. I use the pharmaceutical technology. By tracking patent data, I find that transfer of knowledge is limited within the same firm and nation.