the structure and function on the buying organization in retailing

考虑到日本买方角色的历史形成，人们可以看到职能分工的转变，或者更确切地说，权力的分散和工作的专业化。在第一家连锁店经营中，一个人负责购买和销售，销售需求会在下一时期的购买中反映出来。然而，随着自助服务的概念被接受，越来越多的商品通过一般零售企业提供，购买业务采取了更独立的形式。销售税和购置税分别由监督者和购买者分摊。随着一般零售企业提供的产品数量不断增加，买方的关税变得更加复杂。原来花在产品开发和寻找新产品上的时间被浪费了。这带来了定期收购、再收购和新收购的组织体制改革。在前瞻性业务中，分销商处理回购和再购买订单，买方负责购买新产品。公司战略的差异进一步改变了采购系统。可以假设零售商目前有两种购买方式。第一种是伊藤洋华堂（IY型），专注于产品搜索和开发。伊藤洋华堂的购买得到了他们采用更实用的方法的支持，如上所述，将购买分为三个部分。大荣和大多数其他零售企业采用的相反方法更具包容性，采购部门处理所有与采购相关的活动。

Considering the historical formation of the buyer's role in Japan, one can see a shift towards division of function, or rather, the dispersion of authority and specialization of work. In the first chain store operations, a single person would be responsible for both buying and sales, and sales demand would be reflected in the next period's buying. However, as the concept of self-service gained acceptance and more merchandise was offered through general retail businesses, the business of buying took on a more independent form. Sales and buying duties were divided up between supervisors and buyers respectively. As the number of products offered through general retail businesses continued to increase, the buyer duties became more complicated. Time originally devoted to merchandise development and finding new products was lost. This brought on a reform in the system of organization for regular buying, re-buying and new buying. In forward-thinking businesses the distributor handled repurchaseing and re-buying orders and the buyer was in charge of buying new items.Differences in company strategies have further transformed buying systems. It can be assumed that there are currently two methods of buying among retailers. The first, which is employed by Ito Yokado (IY Type), focuses on product search and development. Ito Yokado's buying is supported by their adoption of a more functional approach, which as mentioned above divides buying into three parts. The opposing method, utilized by Daiei and most other retail business, is more inclusive and the buying department handles all purchase-related activities.