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the structure and function on the buying organization in retailing

零售业采购组织的结构和职能

基本信息

批准号：
11630104
负责人：
ITOH Hajime
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Otaru University of Commerce
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Considering the historical formation of the buyer's role in Japan, one can see a shift towards division of function, or rather, the dispersion of authority and specialization of work. In the first chain store operations, a single person would be responsible for both buying and sales, and sales demand would be reflected in the next period's buying. However, as the concept of self-service gained acceptance and more merchandise was offered through general retail businesses, the business of buying took on a more independent form. Sales and buying duties were divided up between supervisors and buyers respectively. As the number of products offered through general retail businesses continued to increase, the buyer duties became more complicated. Time originally devoted to merchandise development and finding new products was lost. This brought on a reform in the system of organization for regular buying, re-buying and new buying. In forward-thinking businesses the distributor handled repurchaseing and re-buying orders and the buyer was in charge of buying new items.Differences in company strategies have further transformed buying systems. It can be assumed that there are currently two methods of buying among retailers. The first, which is employed by Ito Yokado (IY Type), focuses on product search and development. Ito Yokado's buying is supported by their adoption of a more functional approach, which as mentioned above divides buying into three parts. The opposing method, utilized by Daiei and most other retail business, is more inclusive and the buying department handles all purchase-related activities.

从日本买方角色的历史形成来看，可以看到向职能分工，或者说权力分散和专业化的转变。在第一次连锁经营中，一个人将负责购买和销售，销售需求将反映在下一个时期的购买中。然而，随着自助服务的概念被接受，更多的商品通过一般零售企业提供，购买业务采取了更加独立的形式。销售和购买的职责分别由主管和采购员分担。随着一般零售业务提供的产品数量不断增加，买方关税变得更加复杂。原本用于商品开发和寻找新产品的时间被浪费了。这引起了定期购买、再购买和新购买的组织制度的改革。在具有前瞻性思维的企业中，分销商负责处理回购和再购买订单，采购员负责购买新产品。公司战略的差异进一步改变了采购系统。可以假设，目前零售商之间有两种购买方法。第一个是Ito Yokado（IY型），专注于产品搜索和开发。伊藤洋华堂的购买是由他们采用了一种更实用的方法来支持的，如上所述，这种方法将购买分为三个部分。大荣和大多数其他零售企业使用的对立方法更具包容性，采购部门负责所有与采购有关的活动。