Neuron-glial interaction in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system

位于视上核的大细胞神经元发送其主要轴突终止于神经垂体，在那里它们将加压素和催产素释放到血液循环中。这个大细胞下丘脑-神经垂体系统被认为经历脱水和哺乳。这种结构的可塑性不仅伴随着突触的重塑、直接神经元膜的增加、视上核和室旁核的树突状束，还伴随着神经垂体中神经血管接触的组织。许多可能与动态结构重塑有关的分子在下丘脑-神经-垂体系统中高度表达，尽管它们在成人大脑的其他区域通常表达水平较低。有趣的是，其中一些仅在胚胎大脑中高度表达。根据功能，这些分子主要分为两类。细胞骨架蛋白，如微管蛋白、微管相关蛋白（MAP2d）负责改变胶质和神经元的形态和位置。细胞粘附分子，属于免疫球蛋白超家族蛋白（Kilon， OBCAM, Thy-1, F3）和细胞外基质蛋白（Phosphacan），也参与神经元-胶质、神经元-神经元和胶质-胶质的识别和引导。

Magnocellular neurons located in the supraoptic nucleus send their principal axons to terminate in the neurohypophysis, where they release vasopressin and oxytocin into the blood circulation. This magnocellular hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system is known to undergo dehydration and lactation. This structural plasticity is accompanied not only by synaptic remodling, increased direct neuronal membrane apposition, and dendritic bundling in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus, but also oraganization of neurovascular contacts in the neurohypophysis. Many molecules that are possibly concerned with dynamic structural remodeling are highly expressed in the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system, although they are generally at low expression levels in other regions of adult brains. Interestingly, some of them are highly expressed only in embryonic brains. On the basis of functions, these molecules are classified mainly into two categories. Cytoskeletal proteins, such as tubulin, microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2d) are responsible for changing both glial and neuronal morphology and location. Cell adhesion molecules, belonginh to immunoglobulin superfamily proteins (Kilon, OBCAM, Thy-1, F3) and extracellular matrix proteins (Phosphacan), also participate in neuronal-glial, neuronal-neuronal, and glial-glial recognition and guidance.