Chromatographic identification of lichen substances and chemotaxonomy of Japanese lichens

本文用高效液相色谱法和光电二极管阵列检测器对154种地衣物质进行了分析，获得了它们的保留时间（Rt）和紫外光谱——depsides（55）、I depsidones（24）、depsones(2)、芳香单环化合物（20）、蒽醌（10）、二苯并呋喃(8)、pulvinic acid衍生物(7)、chromones(5)、三萜（10）、xanthones(7)和高脂肪酸(6)。高脂肪酸和大多数三萜类化合物无一例外不能用紫外检测器检测，但可以用薄层色谱法检测和鉴别。通过与上述获得的数据进行比较，可以鉴定出许多以前没有分离过的地衣物质。对地衣标本138属513种进行了色谱检测。大多数地衣样本以前用于“日本地衣植物区系”出版物的插图，该出版物保存在服部植物实验室（NIGH）和高级研究员的私人收藏中。并与上述标准地衣物质的色谱数据进行了比较。获得了许多新的信息。在许多物种中检测到以前未检测到的特征物质。在白弧菌（Dictyonema sericum）中首次检出atanorin和chloroatanorin。化学综合征（生物遗传相关物质）存在于许多物种中。采用新建立的方法对几乎所有已知的日本地衣的次生代谢物质进行了研究。本研究获得的色谱数据不仅可用于地衣的分类特征评价，而且可用于各种目的的化学调查。

The following 154 lichen substances are analysed to obtain their retention time (Rt) and UV spectra by using HPLC with photodiode array detector- depsides (55), I depsidones (24), depsones (2), aromatic monocyclic compounds (20), anthraquinones (10), dibenzofurans (8), pulvinic acid derivatives (7), chromones (5), triterpenoids (10), xanthones (7), and higher fatty acids (6). Higher fatty acids as well as most triterpenoids can not be detected by UV detector without few exceptions, but they can be detected and identified by TLC methods. Many lichen substances without previous isolation can be identified as comparison with the above obtained data. Lichen specimens (513 species of 138 genera) were chromatographically investigated to detect their lichen substances. Most lichen samples were previously used for the illustration of the publication "Lichen Flora of Japan", which preserved in the Hattori Boanical Laboratory (NIGH) and the private collection of the senior investigator. Chromatographic data were compared with those of the above standard lichen substances.Much new information was obtained. Characteristic substances were detected in many species, which were previously not detected. Atranorin and chloroatranorin were detected as first time in Bacidiohchens (Dictyonema sericeum). Chemo-syndromes (biogenetically related substances) are found in many species. Secondary metabolic I substances of nearly all known Japanese lichens were investigated by using newly I established methods. Chromatographic data obtained by the present investigation are useful not only for the evaluation as taxonomic characters of lichens, but also for the chemical investigation in various purposes.