Solution structure and function of branched polymers having dissociation groups

1. 设计并制造了由高亮度旋转阳极发生器和多层平行镀膜反射镜组成的新型小角度x射线散射装置。激光散射光谱仪也被加入到新系统中，用于观察从A到μm.2的材料的整体结构。具有解离基团的线性聚合物的溶液结构。(1)研究了聚合物浓度、分子量和反离子对聚电解质溶液结构的影响，特别是对反离子缩聚的影响。(2)利用粘度法和SAXS技术研究了不同介电常数溶剂中离聚物的链构象。(3)从凝胶机理的角度讨论了硫酸酸化多糖的链构象与分子中硫酸酸化基团的数目和位置之间的关系。支化聚合物的溶液结构。(1)以多糖链为侧链的高分子单体由于具有两亲性，其构象为准螺旋构象。(2)用SAXS观察具有分支结构的木葡聚糖的链构象。详细讨论了乙醇对木葡聚糖溶液凝胶化的影响机理。具有解离基团的支化聚合物的链构象和功能(1)在梳状高分子单体的侧链中引入带电基团，由于侧链中的静电相互作用以及相邻侧链之间的静电相互作用，增强了主链的刚性。(2)当两种DNA分子处于同一溶液中时，接枝水溶性侧链的聚阳离子抑制了DNA分子周围反离子缩聚的程度。这一结果与多阳离子对DNA双链和三链的稳定作用进行了讨论。

1. The new Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) facilities composed of a high brilliance rotating anode generator coupled with a side-by-side multilayer coated mirror was designed and constructed. The laser light scattering spectrometer was also included into the new system to observe the whole structure of materials from A to μm.2. Solution structures of linear polymers having dissociation groups.(1) The dependence of solution structures of polyelectrolyte on polymer concentration, molecular weight and counter ions were examined, especially for counter ion condensation.(2) Chain conformation of ionomers in solvents varying dielectric constants was investigated using viscometry and SAXS technique.(3) The relationship between chain conformation of sulfated polysaccharides and number and position of sulfated groups in the molecules was discussed in terms of gelation mechanism.3. Solution structures of branched polymer.(1) The conformation of polymacromonomer having polysaccharide chains as a side chain was found to a quasi-helical one because of the amphipathic property.(2) The chain conformation of xyloglucan with branch structure was observed by SAXS. The gelation mechanism of xyloglucan solution induced by the addition of ethanol was discussed in detail.4. Chain conformation and function of branched polymer having dissociation groups(1) The introduction of charged groups into side chains of a comb-like polymacromonomer enhanced the main chain rigidity because of the electrostatic interactions in a side chain and between adjacent side chains.(2) Polycations grafted water-soluble side chains suppressed the degree of counterion condensation around DNA molecules when both molecules were in the same solution. This result was discussed with the stabilization of double strand and triple one of DNA due to the polycation.