Resource Mangement Issues of Export-Oriented Tuna Fishery in South East Asia.

东南亚出口导向型金枪鱼渔业的资源管理问题。

• 批准号: 11660197
• 负责人: YAMASHITA Haruko
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: Meikai University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660197/
• 关键词: fresh tuna import; resource management; Palau; Philippines; Indoneasia; China; Taiwan; Yellowin tuna; マグロ; 貿易; 東南アジア; キハダマグロ; 生鮮マグロ

The exporting sites of fresh tuna are mostly located in the Asian popular cities for Japanese tourists. This is because fresh tuna is normally transported by periodical passenger frights utilizing their remnant cargo spaces. The evaluation of Yen after the Plaza Consensus facilitated the fresh tuna import to Japan, while the increase in the passenger frights that brought increasing number of Japanese tourists to Asian cities enabled to accept the international air transportation of fresh tuna.In Palau, it is only Long Line vessels that catch Sashimi-grade fresh tuna. The vessels are operated by Chinese, Taiwanese and Japanese : The localization of Long Line operation was not observed. This is because of the underdeveloped fishing technology, the lack of local labor force after being absorbed by tourism industry and public sector that is supported by American aids, and the shortage of local private investment fund.In the Philippines, Tuna industry was first triggered by the U.S.tuna can … More ning industry, and then it was gradually substituted by local investors. While Purse Seine vessels caught skipjack as canning material by using Payao, or floating fish shelter, local wooden boats were utilized to support the operation. Then the boat itself started to catch fresh tuna by Hook ＆ Line method for export. Abundant inexpensive labor force was a factor that expanded the industry.In Indonesia, the government took initiative in the development of tuna industry while it limited the foreign direct investment. Therefore, Long Line fishing companies for fresh tuna production were operated as joint ventures between national company, regional state-owned company, or cooperatives and private companies from Taiwan, China or Japan. Although the companies' productivities are not high, the volume of catch was increased rapidly supported by the abundant and inexpensive labor force.Since Japan is the largest market for fresh Sashimi-grade tuna, the world fresh tuna price is determined by the Japanese market condition. The increase in the supply of tuna reduced the market price that induced additional demand. Also, a temporal increase in demand was observed during the Bubble economy. Thus, there was no incentive for demanders/consumers to shoulder the costs of resource management.Exporting countries in South East Asia made effort to manage tuna resource by trying to limit fishery effort by such means as allocating the limited number of licenses to fishing vessels. The authority, however, failed to let fishers pay for appropriate costs for the resource management. For, fishers easily move their fishing grounds in order to avoid bearing the costs for resource management taking other factors into account such as the density of resource in the water and the costs of operation and export. Therefore, we suggest that the cooperation among beneficial lies of the tuna resource is necessary for the effective operation of sustainable resource management. Less

新鲜金枪鱼的出口地大多位于日本游客的亚洲热门城市。这是因为新鲜金枪鱼通常是利用其剩余的货舱定期客运。广场共识达成后日元升值促进了新鲜金枪鱼的进口，而随着日本游客数量的增加，亚洲城市的旅客运输量增加，使得新鲜金枪鱼的国际空运成为可能。在帕劳，只有Long Line船才能捕获生鱼片级的新鲜金枪鱼。这些船只由中国人、台湾人和日本人操作：未观察到长线操作的本地化。这主要是因为菲律宾渔业技术不发达，美国援助的旅游业和公共部门吸收了当地劳动力后，当地私人投资资金不足，菲律宾金枪鱼产业最早是由美国金枪鱼罐头引发的 ...更多信息 宁产业，然后逐渐被当地投资者所取代。虽然围网渔船通过使用Payao或漂浮的鱼庇护所捕获鲣鱼作为罐头材料，但当地的木船被用来支持这一行动。然后，船本身开始捕捉新鲜金枪鱼的钩和线的方法出口。丰富的廉价劳动力是该行业扩张的一个因素，在印度尼西亚，政府在限制外国直接投资的同时，积极发展金枪鱼产业。因此，生产新鲜金枪鱼的长线捕捞公司是由来自台湾、中国或日本的国家公司、地区国有公司或合作社与私营公司合资经营的。虽然生产率不高，但由于劳动力充足且价格低廉，捕捞量迅速增加。日本是生鱼片级金枪鱼的最大市场，因此，世界生鱼片价格由日本市场决定。金枪鱼供应量的增加降低了市场价格，导致需求增加。此外，在泡沫经济期间观察到需求的暂时增加。因此，没有激励需求者/消费者承担资源管理的成本。东南亚的出口国努力管理金枪鱼资源，试图通过向渔船发放有限数量的许可证等手段限制渔业努力。然而，当局未能让渔民支付资源管理的适当费用。因为，考虑到水中资源密度以及作业和出口成本等其他因素，渔民很容易转移其渔场，以避免承担资源管理费用。因此，我们建议金枪鱼资源的各受益层之间的合作是可持续资源管理有效运作的必要条件。少

项目成果

YAMASHITA Haruko: "A Study on the Distribution System of Imported Fresh Yellowfin Tuna"Meikai University Keizaigaku Ronshu. Vol.12, No.1, (in Japanese). 22-36 (2000)

山下晴子：“进口新鲜黄鳍金枪鱼流通系统的研究”明海大学经济学院论修。

山下東子: "輸出特化型マグロ関連産業の諸問題-フィリピンとインドネシアを事例として"経済学論集(野間俊威教授古希記念論文集)(同志社大学)(発表予定). 52(3). 223-246 (2001)

山下东子：“出口导向型金枪鱼相关产业的问题 - 菲律宾和印度尼西亚的案例研究”经济学集（Toshitake Noma Kouki教授纪念论文集）（同志社大学）（待发表）223。 -246 (2001)

YAMASHITA,Haruko: "Fisheries Today in the Philippines, Kagoshima University"Tuna Fishery in the Philippines-A Case Study of Japan-bound Sashimi Grade Yellowfin, in Yamao, M.& R.F.Subade (eds.). 167-175 (1999)

山下晴子：“菲律宾的渔业现状，鹿儿岛大学”菲律宾金枪鱼渔业——日本生鱼片级黄鳍金枪鱼的案例研究，位于日本山尾市。

伊澤あらた: "生鮮マグロ輸出産業の存立条件-パラオの事例"政経研究. 74. 91-108 (2000)

Arata Izawa：“新鲜金枪鱼出口业的存在条件——帕劳案例”《政治与经济研究》74. 91-108 (2000)。

YAMASHITA,Haruko: "Fisheries Today in the Philippines, Kagoshima University"Tuna Fishery in the Philippines-A Case Study of Japan-bound Sashimi Grade Yellowfin', in Yamao, M. & R.F.Subade (eds.). 167-175 (1999)

山下晴子：《菲律宾的渔业现状》，鹿儿岛大学《菲律宾的金枪鱼渔业——日本生鱼片级黄鳍金枪鱼的案例研究》，位于日本山尾市。