Historical Investigation on Technical Knowledge and Its Represention

技术知识及其表征的历史考察

• 批准号: 11680001
• 负责人: HASHIMOTO Takehiko
• 金额: $ 0.64万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11680001/
• 关键词: technical knowledge; tacit knowledge; visual representation; Japanese sword; history of metallurgy; 技能; 伝統技術; 冶金学; 冶金学史; 刀剣史; 伝統技能

The theme of the present research is on "technical knowledge and its representation." Based on the two year research on the theme, I have primarily made the two following accomplishment: one is an investigation on a specific case, and the other is theoretical survey of recent researches on the topic. As a case study, I have examined the metallurgical investigation of Kuniichi TAWARA on the Japanese sword and multi-disciplinary analysis by his collaborators on it. I have paid an attention to such problems as how traditional technique of sword making was expressed in traditional books on the sword making, and how the technique was examined by modern science. I have paid particular attention to the qualitative concept "nie" and "nioi" were explained by the terms of modern science. Secondly, I have surveyed recent scholarly publications on technical knowledge and its representation, and consequently have published a paper, "picture, number, word, action: how techniques are represented and communicated." Technical knowledge contains the kind of knowledge which cannot be expressed by words or numbers, but technicians have to communicate such a knowledge in a certain situation like apprentice training. I have surveyed in this paper recent works by historians, sociologists, and anthropologists. In-situ indication is certainly crucial, but various visual representations - picture, sketch, graph, models, etc. - also played important roles in present and historical technical practice.

本研究的主题是“技术知识及其表征”。经过两年的主题研究，我主要完成了以下两方面的工作：一是对具体案例的调查，二是对该主题近期研究的理论梳理。作为一个案例，我研究了田原国一对日本剑的冶金研究和他的合作者对日本剑的多学科分析。我关注传统的造剑技术在传统的造剑书籍中是如何表达的，以及现代科学是如何检验这种技术的。我特别注意到“nie”和“nioi”的定性概念是用现代科学的术语来解释的。其次，我调查了最近关于技术知识及其表示的学术出版物，并因此发表了一篇论文，“图片，数字，文字，行动：如何表示和交流技术。”技术知识是指不能用文字或数字来表达的知识，但技术人员在某种情况下，如学徒培训，必须传达这种知识。我在这篇论文中调查了历史学家、社会学家和人类学家最近的著作。现场指示当然是至关重要的，但各种视觉表示-图片，草图，图形，模型等-在现在和历史的技术实践中也发挥了重要作用。

项目成果

橋本毅彦: "「絵・数・言葉・身ぶり-技術はいかに表現され、伝達されるか」"思想. 926. 175-189 (2001)

桥本武彦：“图片、数字、文字、手势——如何表达和传达思想？” 926. 175-189 (2001)

橋本毅彦: "Introducing a French Technological System : The origin and Early History of the Yokosuka Dockyard"East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine. no16. 53-72 (1999)

桥本武彦：“法国技术体系介绍：横须贺造船厂的起源和早期历史”《东亚科学、技术与医学》第 53-72 期（1999 年）。

橋本毅彦: ""Introducing a French Technological System : The Origin and Early History of the Yokosuka Dockyard,""East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine. no.16. 53-72 (1999)

桥本武彦：“介绍法国技术系统：横须贺造船厂的起源和早期历史”，《东亚科学、技术和医学》第 16 期（1999 年）。

橋本毅彦 Lesis Mbranscomb Fumio Kodama Richard Horida eds: "Hesitant Relationship Reconsidered : University-Industry Cooperation in Postwar Japan"Industrializing Knowledge : University-Industry Linkage in Japan and the United States. 234-251 (1999)

Takehiko Hashimoto Lesis Mbranscomb Fumio Kodama Richard Horida 编辑：“犹豫的关系重新考虑：战后日本的大学与产业合作”知识工业化：日本和美国的大学与产业联系 234-251 (1999)。

橋本毅彦 Peter Galison and Alex Roland eds: ""The Wind Tunnel and the Emergence of Aeronautical Research in Britain,""Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century (London : Kluwer Academic Publishers). 223-239 (2000)

Takehiko Hashimoto Peter Galison 和 Alex Roland 编辑：“风洞和英国航空研究的兴起”，“二十世纪的大气飞行”（伦敦：Kluwer 学术出版社）223-239 (2000)。