Historical Investigation on Technical Knowledge and Its Represention

本研究的主题是“技术知识及其表征”。“经过两年多的研究，我主要取得了以下两个方面的成果：一是对一个具体案例的调查，二是对近年来这一课题研究的理论综述。作为个案研究，笔者考察了田原邦一对日本刀剑的冶金学研究及其合作者对日本刀剑的多学科分析，并关注了传统刀剑制作技术如何在传统刀剑制作书籍中得到表达，以及这种技术如何被现代科学所检验等问题。我特别注意用现代科学的术语解释质的概念“涅”和“涅”。其次，我调查了最近关于技术知识及其表示的学术出版物，并因此发表了一篇论文，“图片，数字，单词，行动：技术如何表示和交流。“技术知识包括不能用文字或数字表达的知识，但技术人员必须在某种情况下传达这种知识，如学徒培训。我在这篇论文中概述了历史学家、社会学家和人类学家最近的著作。现场指示当然是至关重要的，但各种视觉表现-图片，草图，图表，模型等-也发挥了重要作用，在现在和历史的技术实践。

The theme of the present research is on "technical knowledge and its representation." Based on the two year research on the theme, I have primarily made the two following accomplishment: one is an investigation on a specific case, and the other is theoretical survey of recent researches on the topic. As a case study, I have examined the metallurgical investigation of Kuniichi TAWARA on the Japanese sword and multi-disciplinary analysis by his collaborators on it. I have paid an attention to such problems as how traditional technique of sword making was expressed in traditional books on the sword making, and how the technique was examined by modern science. I have paid particular attention to the qualitative concept "nie" and "nioi" were explained by the terms of modern science. Secondly, I have surveyed recent scholarly publications on technical knowledge and its representation, and consequently have published a paper, "picture, number, word, action: how techniques are represented and communicated." Technical knowledge contains the kind of knowledge which cannot be expressed by words or numbers, but technicians have to communicate such a knowledge in a certain situation like apprentice training. I have surveyed in this paper recent works by historians, sociologists, and anthropologists. In-situ indication is certainly crucial, but various visual representations - picture, sketch, graph, models, etc. - also played important roles in present and historical technical practice.