Molecular Biology of Organismal Diversity

生物多样性的分子生物学

• 批准号: 11NP0201
• 负责人: MIYATA Takashi
• 金额: $ 374.4万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11NP0201/
• 关键词: molecular evolution; diversity; molecular phylogeny; evolution of visual pigment; evolution of brain; vertebrate jaw evolution; speciation; genome evolution; 四足動物の起源; 性染色体の起源; 顎の進化; ゲノムの多様化; 遺伝子; 形態; 多細胞動物; 立襟鞭毛虫; 種分化; 種文化; ゲノム再編; 生物多様性

Relationship between molecular evolution and organismal evolution, an important problem left to be clarified in molecular evolution field, have been studied in collaboration with researchers from three research fields, molecular evolution, molecular developmental biology, and molecular physiology. Our results of this project are as follows. (1)Takashi MIYATA (Kyoto Univ.), "The molecular bases of organismal diversity" : A molecular phylogeny-based analysis of several animal-specific gene families revealed that gene diversification had been completed before the parazoan-eumetazoan split and therefore there is no direct link between gene diversification and the Cambrian explosion. (2)Yoshinori SHICHIDA (Kyoto Univ.), "Functional diversity of visual pigments and its relationship with diversity of vision" : Functional analyses of the mouse models constructed using knock-in technology revealed close relationship between diversification of a visual pigment and that of a visual function. (3)T … More akashi GOJOBORI (National Inst. Genetics), "Study for biodiversity by comparative genomics and the database for expressed cDNA on planarian brain" : The pattern of commonly expressed genes in ear and eye suggested the common ancestral organs of ear and eye existed before diversification of those two organs. (4)Hiroshi HORI (Nagoya Univ.), "Active medaka transposon and genome rearrangement" : We succeeded in isolating the medaka fish transposable element, Tol2, and characterized the regulatory mechanism in the medaka genome, involving the expression of these mRNAs. (5)Shigeru KURATANI (RIKEN CDB), "Molecular developmental studies on vertebrate jaw evolution" : We isolated lamprey cognates of regulatory genes known to be involved in jaw patterning in gnathostomes and showed that oral patterning in the lamprey is based on the shifted cell-cell interactions between the epithelium and crest-derived ectomesenchyme as compared to that in gnathostomes. (6)Kiyokazu AGATA (RIKEN CDB), "Unraveling a fundamental genetic program for brain development and investigating the change of it in the brain evolution process" : Using EST, DNA microarray, in situ hybridization, and RNAi technologies, we succeeded in isolating a novel gene, noudarake, which involved in planarian brain formation. (7)Masami HASEGAWA (Inst. Statistical Math.), "Development of methods for molecular phylogenetics and their application to mammalian evolution" : Various methods for inferring molecular phylogenies based on the maximum likelihood method were developed. Applying these methods to mammalian and protistan evolution, we found frequent convergent evolution in morphological level. (8)Yoichi MATSUDA (Hokkaido Univ.), "Evolution of birds and reptiles inferred from genome structure" : Comparative cytogenetic maps of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and the Japanese four-striped rat snake were constructed with EST clones. The cytogenetic maps revealed the close relatedness of turtles to birds rather than to snakes. We also showed that the avian and snake sex Z chromosomes were derived from the different chromosomes of the common ancestor. (9)Norihiro OKADA (Tokyo Inst. Tech.), "Diversification and speciation mechanism of cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria in Africa" : We found population-specific variation at the long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin locus from more than 200 endemic species of haplochromine fishes in the East African Lake Victoria which would provide an insight into species formation. Less

分子进化与生物进化的关系是分子进化领域尚待澄清的一个重要问题，来自分子进化、分子发育生物学和分子生理学三个研究领域的研究人员合作进行了研究。我们这个项目的结果如下。 （1）Takashi MIYATA（京都大学），“有机体多样性的分子基础”：对几个动物特异性基因家族进行基于分子系统发育的分析表明，基因多样化在副动物-真后生动物分裂之前就已经完成，因此基因多样化与寒武纪大爆发之间没有直接联系。 (2)Yoshinori SHICHIDA(京都大学)，“视觉色素的功能多样性及其与视觉多样性的关系”：使用敲入技术构建的小鼠模型的功能分析揭示了视觉色素的多样化与视觉功能的多样化之间的密切关系。 (3)T … 更多 akashi GOJOBORI（国立遗传学研究所），“通过比较基因组学和涡虫大脑表达 cDNA 数据库研究生物多样性”：耳朵和眼睛中常见表达基因的模式表明，耳朵和眼睛的共同祖先器官在这两个器官多样化之前就已经存在。 (4)Hiroshi HORI (名古屋大学)，“活性青鳉转座子和基因组重排”：我们成功分离了青鳉鱼转座元件Tol2，并表征了青鳉基因组中涉及这些mRNA表达的调控机制。 (5)Shigeru KURATANI (RIKEN CDB)，“脊椎动物颌进化的分子发育研究”：我们分离了七鳃鳗的同源调节基因，这些基因已知参与有颌类动物的颌模式，并表明七鳃鳗的口腔模式是基于上皮和嵴衍生的外间充质之间的细胞-细胞相互作用的改变。 有颌动物。 (6)Kiyokazu AGATA (RIKEN CDB)，“解开大脑发育的基本遗传程序并研究其在大脑进化过程中的变化”：利用EST、DNA微阵列、原位杂交和RNAi技术，我们成功地分离了一个新的基因，noudarake，它参与了涡虫大脑的形成。 (7)Masami HASEGAWA (Inst. Statistical Math.)，“分子系统发育方法的开发及其在哺乳动物进化中的应用”：开发了基于最大似然法的各种推断分子系统发育的方法。将这些方法应用于哺乳动物和原生动物的进化，我们发现形态水平上频繁的趋同进化。 (8)Yoichi MATSUDA(北海道大学)，“从基因组结构推断鸟类和爬行动物的进化”：用EST克隆构建了中华鳖和日本四纹鼠蛇的比较细胞遗传学图谱。细胞遗传学图谱揭示了海龟与鸟类而非蛇的亲缘关系密切。我们还表明，鸟类和蛇的性别 Z 染色体源自共同祖先的不同染色体。 (9)Norihiro OKADA（东京工业大学），“非洲维多利亚湖慈鲷的多样化和物种形成机制”：我们从东非维多利亚湖的 200 多种单倍体鱼类的特有物种中发现了长波长敏感 (LWS) 视蛋白基因座的种群特异性变异，这将有助于深入了解物种形成。较少的

项目成果

K. Kawakami: "Excision of the Tol2 transposable element of the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, in zebrafish, Danoi rerio" Gene. 225. 17-22 (1998)

K. Kawakami：“在斑马鱼 Danoi rerio 中切除青鳉鱼 Oryzias latipes 的 Tol2 转座元件”基因。

Miyata, T.: "Divergence pattern of animal gene families and relationship with the Cambrian explosion"BloEssays. 23(11). 1018-1027 (2001)

Miyata, T.：“动物基因家族的分歧模式及其与寒武纪大爆发的关系”BloEssays。

Kuroiwa, A. et al.: "Biallelic expression of Z-linked genes in male chickens."Cytogenet.Genome Res.. 99. 310-314 (2002)

Kuroiwa, A. 等人：“雄性鸡中 Z 连锁基因的双等位基因表达。”Cytogenet.Genome Res.. 99. 310-314 (2002)

Terakita, A. et al.: "Counterion displacement in the molecular evolution of the rhodopsin family."Nat.Struct.Mol.Biol.. 3. 284-289 (2004)

Terakita, A. 等人：“视紫红质家族分子进化中的反离子置换。”Nat.Struct.Mol.Biol.. 3. 284-289 (2004)

Kikugawa, K.: "Basal jawed vertebrate phylogeny inferred from multiple nuclear DNA-coded genes."BMC evolutionary biology. 2. 3(thrid paper) (2004)

Kikukawa, K.：“从多个核 DNA 编码基因推断出基础颌脊椎动物系统发育。”BMC 进化生物学。