Development of Optical Stimulation in Dysphagy

咀嚼运动的基本特征在于其重复的有节奏的运动，并且已知咀嚼的节奏由存在于中枢神经系统中的节奏发生器控制。此外，来自周围神经的感觉信息也参与控制咀嚼系统中的运动功能，这被认为是与咀嚼系统相关的神经肌肉协调的本质。虽然映射的区域激活期间的一系列咀嚼运动的主要感觉运动区域内已知的控制下颌运动以及感觉先前已被报道，在激活状态的变化，由紧咬仍有待澄清。在这项研究中，我们研究的影响，在光学刺激的变化，和影响的想象咀嚼的激活区域内的主要感觉运动区，通过检查脑功能。以前的咀嚼脑映射研究是使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET），然而，PET有一个缺点，涉及辐射暴露。非侵入性功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），它可视化的功能区在大脑中，被用来确定血氧水平依赖（BOLD）的信号，这被认为是一个指标的功能诱导的变化，在脑局部血流。在常规全身1.5T临床扫描仪上使用单次激发、多层回波平面成像序列进行fMRI测量。6名正常志愿者在最喜欢的食物成像任务和讨厌的食物成像任务中进行fMRI检查。使用具有从fMRI数据确定的显著信号强度（SI）变化的所有像素进行图像处理。研究结果表明，最喜欢的食物成像任务的SI显着增加。这些结果表明，在咀嚼感觉运动皮层的激活增加与喜爱的食物形象。

Masticatory movements is fundamentally characterized by its repeated rhythmical movements, and the rhythm of mastication is known to be controlled by the rhythm generator that exists in the central nervous system. Furthermore, sensory information from the peripheral nerve is also involved in controlling motor function in the masticatory system, which is thought to be the essence of the neuromuscular coordination related to the masticatory system. Although mapping of the area activated during a series of masticatory movements within the primary sensorimotor area known to control mandibular movement as well as sensation has previously been reported, changes in the activation state by clenching remains to be clarified. In this study, we examined the influence of changes in the optical stimulation, and the effect of imaginary mastication on the activated area within the primary sensorimotor area by examining brain function. Previous brain mapping studies on mastication were performed using positron emission tomography (PET), however, PET has a drawback concerning radiation exposure. Non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which visualizes the functioning area in the brain, was used to determine blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals, which are regarded as an index of functionally induced changes in the cerebral regional blood flow. Measurements of fMRI were performed on a conventional whole body 1.5T clinical scanner using a single shot, multislice echo-planar imaging sequence. Six normal volunteers underwent fMRI during favorite food imaging task and hateful food imaging task. Image processing was performed using all pixels with significant signal intensity (SI) change determined from the fMRI data. The findings showed that the SI significantly increased by favorite food imaging task. These findings suggest that activation of the sensorimotor cortex in mastication increases with favorite food image.