War and Peace in the Life of the People in Medieval Japan

这项研究主要集中在有关中世纪日本的问题(从12世纪到16世纪)，但它也涉及前平安时期和随后的早期前现代时期的问题，因此涵盖了从9世纪到17世纪上半叶的大跨度。战争与灾害是我们研究战争与和平的主要对象，对战争与和平的研究具有重要意义。战争与饥荒等灾难的区别在于前者是政治灾难，后者是自然灾害，但我们认为，在近代以前的日本，战争和灾难是紧密联系在一起的。我们的首要目标是尽可能完整地收集从平安到前现代早期的战争和灾难材料。收集的物品接下来由我们的团队进行检查，并按时间顺序进行组织。在此基础上，我们同时进行了一些其他的…更多的署长项目举办了许多研讨会，以进一步发展我们的调查。其一是利用《平安日报》(平安档案馆)的资料，对平安时期的战争和灾难编年表。我们还按时间顺序完成了《日本中世纪自然灾害(干旱、洪水、风暴、害虫等)、饥荒和瘟疫造成的损失》，这是我们的主要研究课题。这些发现与研究小组的其他发现包括在我们的研究项目报告中。此外，我们一直在根据《日本历史资料》(第6号)编制南北朝时期(14世纪)的战争年表，这是一个悬而未决的时期。此表即将完成，但由于篇幅有限，无法包括在报告中。另一个项目也仍在进行中，它试图通过审查前现代早期关原战役中禁令的内容和分布，来分析平民卷入战争的情况。较少

This study primarily focuses on issues concerning medieval Japan (from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries), but it also deals with those of both the preceding Heian period and the following early pre-modern period, thus covering a long span from the ninth century to the first half of the seventeenth century. In order to throw light on our research subject "war and peace", wars and disasters are the main subjects investigated. War could be distinguished from other disasters such as famine by regarding the former as a political and the latter as a natural disaster, however, we believe that the two were intimately connected in pre-modern Japan.Our first aim was to make as complete a collection as possible of the materials on war and disasters from the Heian to the early pre-modem period. The collected items were next examined by our teams and organized in chronological order. A chronological table was then produced based on them.Besides this, we simultaneously conducted some other sma … More ller projects holding many workshops to develop our investigations further. One was to mate a chronological table of war and disasters in the Heian period drawing on the sources in Heian Ibun (Heian Archives). We also completed a chronological table of "loss caused by natural disasters (drought, flood, storms, harmful insects, etc.), famine and plagues in medieval Japan", which was our principal research subject. These findings were included in our research project report together with the other findings of the research team.In addition, we have been compiling a chronological table of war in the time of the Southern-Northern Dynasties (fourteenth century), an unsettled period, based on Dai Nihon Shiryo (Sources for Japanese History) (No. 6). This table is near completion but cannot be included in the report because of limited space. Another project which is also still under way attempts to analyze the common people's involvement in war by examining the content and the distribution of prohibitions in the battle of Sekigahara in the early pre-modern period. Less