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Native title and related disputes and mediations, in Australian lands and waters : a corpus database approach

澳大利亚土地和水域的原住民所有权及相关争议和调解：语料库数据库方法

基本信息

批准号：
12610312
负责人：
HOSOKAWA Komei
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Kyoto Seika University (2001-2003)Saga University (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A corpus database approach has been taken in this study in order to comprehend the currently on-going process of conflicts, disputes, litigations, and varied types of mediation/negotiation practices concerning the native title claims made by the indigenous groups in lands and waters in and around Australia. Written public materials have been extensively collected and analyzed. The data corpus mainly consists of 1)mass media reports and commentaries ; 2)administrative releases, such as National Native Title Tribunal media releases and Governmental statements both of State and Federal level ; 3)formal statements as well as less formal commentaries made by indigenous organizations and individuals ; and 4)expert commentaries from political, anthropological and legal points of view.Obtained materials have been processed into a 4.1 megabyte machine-readable database that contains 1,543 records, each bestowed with a number of keywords for searching and analyzing purposes. The survey has been up to the latest sources of March 2004.The research period coincides with the heated debate over the Native Title Amendment Bill and its enactment in 1998 (i.e.the so-called Wik legislation). The legal structure and the procedures of making and dealing with land-and-waters claims have significantly been modified, thus heavily influencing on research strategies for proof of native title and also on the micro-political processes with and among the claimant groups. Moves towards outside-court settlement are so often accompanied with division in local groups (even family groups) that the business of supporting and mediating indigenous people's wants and needs has turned into an extremely sensitive task. The corpus of this study reflects these and other tendencies observed in the period from late 1996 to early 2004.

本研究采用了语料库数据库方法，以了解目前正在进行的冲突、争端、诉讼和各种类型的调解/谈判实践，涉及澳大利亚境内和周围土地和水域的土著群体提出的土著所有权要求。广泛收集和分析了书面公共材料。数据语料库主要包括：1)大众媒体报道和评论；2)行政发布，如国家土著权利法庭媒体发布和州和联邦政府声明；3)土著组织和个人的正式声明和不太正式的评论；4)从政治、人类学和法律角度的专家评论。获得的材料被处理成一个4.1兆字节的机器可读数据库，其中包含1,543条记录，每条记录都有一些用于搜索和分析的关键字。调查截止到2004年3月。研究期间恰逢1998年《土著权利修正案法案》及其颁布（即所谓的Wik立法）的激烈辩论。提出和处理土地和水域权利要求的法律结构和程序已大大修改，从而对证明土著所有权的研究战略以及与索赔人群体之间的微观政治进程产生了重大影响。在走向法院外解决的同时，当地群体（甚至是家庭群体）往往出现分裂，因此，支持和调解土著人民的需要和需要已成为一项极其敏感的任务。本研究的语料库反映了1996年底至2004年初期间观察到的这些趋势和其他趋势。